Many people have misunderstandings, thinking that stimulants are instantaneous. If you take them before a competition, you can run faster and jump higher.
In fact, with the development of science and technology today, the use of stimulants is more like taking drugs to treat chronic diseases. Athletes use them every day, and the amount used every day is only a little, and the body will metabolize and consume them very quickly.
Doping no longer affects the time period directly during the competition, but the entire process from training to competition. For example, if you use some stimulants before training, you will feel less tired during training, training will last longer, and the training effect will become better. Every day's training results are very good. Over time, the athletes' personal level will naturally be significantly improved.
This is like losing weight. As long as you lose a little bit every day, over a long period of time, you will lose more weight.
When the International Olympic Committee first started its anti-doping campaign, doping was classified into four major categories. With the advancement of science and technology, the types of doping have continued to increase, and now they have reached seven major categories.
The earliest stimulants were stimulants, which are also stimulants in the most primitive sense. This type of stimulants can really excite the nervous system or muscles, thereby improving athletes' performance. Caffeine, amphetamines, and ephedrine are all stimulants.
This type of stimulants basically have a half-life. As long as they are within the half-life, they can be easily detected with test strips. For example, the half-life of amphetamine is from 2 hours to 24 hours. This time fluctuates greatly, mainly because everyone's metabolism rate is different, the dosage used is different, and the half-life time is also different.
In the last century, some domestic athletes used this type of stimulants. In order to avoid being detected, they would eat watermelon and drink water to promote urination, speed up the metabolism of the body, and eliminate the stimulants as soon as possible. in vitro. At that time, many melon farmers delivered watermelons to sports teams. A sports team with more people could solve the livelihood problems of many melon farmers.
With the advancement of technology, this kind of stimulant has become easier to detect, so stimulants have become the lowest form of excitement. Nowadays, almost no high-level athletes are stupid enough to use stimulants.
The second type of stimulants are narcotic analgesics, such as morphine, heroin, codeine, etc. These substances are already classified as drugs, and even normal people should stay away from them, let alone athletes. Moreover, there are no formal channels to purchase such things, so athletes will not use them.
The third type of stimulant is diuretics. Diuretics do not actually excite the nerves or muscles of the human body. At most, they can quickly remove water from the body and reduce weight. However, diuretics can speed up metabolism and reduce the metabolites of other stimulants in the body, allowing athletes to avoid drug tests. Therefore, diuretics are used together with other stimulants.
The fourth type is B-blockers, which can selectively bind to the B-adrenal group to produce an agonistic effect on the body. More than a decade ago, B-blockers were rarely used in sports, but later more and more athletes began to use them. The reason is that B-blockers can treat high blood pressure and arrhythmias. As long as athletes take out A diagnosis of a heart problem can apply to the International Olympic Organizing Committee for the legal use of drugs containing B-blockers in the name of treating heart disease.
The fifth category is endogenous peptide hormones, such as human growth hormone, insulin, erythropoietin, androgen, etc. These hormones are all hormones secreted by the human body itself. Since they are already present in the body, if the dosage used is not large, It is impossible to detect it. However, if the dosage is insufficient, this type of hormone may not produce a stimulant effect. Therefore, this type of stimulant must be used in large quantities to be effective, which also makes it easier to detect.
Category VI stimulants are blood doping, which can also be called red blood cell transfusion technology. The principle is to transfuse blood to athletes to increase the number of red blood cells in the body, thereby enhancing the blood's ability to carry oxygen. In the 1980s and 1990s, there was a golden age for sprinters. World sprint records were constantly being refreshed, and excellent sprinters continued to appear. At that time, many athletes used this technology.
Category 7 stimulants are anabolic steroids, which are currently the most diverse, most widely used, most frequently used, most technologically advanced, and the most difficult to detect stimulants. In all likelihood, athletes who use this kind of stimulant are athletes from developed countries with biotechnology, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, etc. Countries with relatively backward technology simply cannot develop high-level stimulants.
It's this type of excitement that Justin Alexander has used before.
…
"Are you telling the truth? Do you mean that those well-known track and field coaches are actually doping athletes?" Dai Li had an incredulous expression on his face.
"Is it weird? It's not just the United States, but many countries in the world are like this." Blake said calmly.
"Of course it's strange. I used to be a track and field coach, and I was in our country's national team. At least at that time, I didn't find any coach using doping." Li Dai said.
Blake smiled slightly: "I think it's the gap in scientific and technological levels. The scientific and technological level of the United States is among the best in the world. When it comes to researching doping, many American technology companies and scientific laboratories often make some "edge balls", and more The other one is to use their own technological advantages to create a time difference."
"For example, if a biological laboratory is ahead of the anti-doping committee in technological level, they can use this lead to continuously provide new products to athletes. However, the anti-doping committee cannot detect the latest products due to its backward technology. Doping, it will be impossible to detect doping by athletes."
Blake's subtext is that China's technological level is too poor and it is incapable of developing the kind of doping that will not be detected by the anti-doping committee.
"Perhaps the system is another reason." Li Dai then added: "Coaches in our country are supported by the government and are public employees. They have stable jobs, stable wages, and stable benefits, even if they are athletes. If they are not good enough, they don’t have to worry about losing their jobs. At most, the bonuses will be smaller and there will be fewer promotion channels. Although doping cannot be completely avoided, there are still relatively few people who take risks when faced with an iron job.”
"Yes, doping is still risky. The anti-doping committee's testing technology is also constantly improving. Once the technology is upgraded, it is likely that a large number of athletes who are doping or suspected of doping will be detected. This It also forces those laboratories to continuously develop new products. Four years ago, Justin Alexander was found to be doping because of a technical upgrade by the Anti-Doping Committee. The Anti-Doping Committee suddenly improved the THG testing technology. But Alexander obviously didn’t know it and continued to use THG, which resulted in a disaster.”
"This is like a game of chasing each other. Every step is higher than the truth." Dai Li sighed, but he suddenly thought of another question.
"By the way, what about the retest of bottle B? The sample of bottle B needs to be kept for more than eight years. With the current speed of technological development, even the top biological laboratory will not be able to deal with the anti-doping committee. It's impossible to have eight years of technological advantage." Dai Li asked.
Athletes' urine samples in international competitions are advertised to be divided into bottles A and B. Bottle A is the test specimen and bottle B is the retained specimen. The athletes were not tested for doping at the time of the competition. However, a few years later, the detection technology of the Anti-Doping Committee After upgrading, it is possible to detect stimulant ingredients in the retained B bottle specimen.
"Eight years is too long. For an athlete, that may be the entirety of his career. For an athlete, using doping at the peak of his career and earning millions is enough for him to live out his career. For the rest of their lives, even if they are later found out by the anti-doping committee, it will be worth it, not to mention that being found out is only a 'possibility', and they may not be found out." Blake explained.
The career of an athlete is very short. After eight years of re-examination, the athlete may have retired or is close to retirement. At this time, the athlete has already achieved fame and fortune, and has earned all the money he should have earned. Then he is found to be doping. , at most it will deprive them of their past honors, which will not cause any substantial loss to the athletes. Athletes can sincerely apologize, express their willingness to change their ways, and then continue to live a life of debauchery with the money they earned before.
Just listen to Blake continue: "In addition, athletes also have legal ways to use drugs, which can avoid many types of doping."
"Are you talking about therapeutic drug immunity?" Li Dai asked.
"Yes, when Alexander was first found out about doping, didn't he argue that it was to treat ADHD? Of course, many athletes really use drugs to treat diseases. For example, it is well known that swimming is very effective in treating asthma. It is effective, so many people practice swimming to treat asthma and eventually become athletes. However, the drugs used to treat asthma contain stimulants, so a large number of swimmers apply for therapeutic drug exemptions."
Blake paused and then said: "There will also be many athletes who take advantage of the therapeutic drug exemption and use doping on the pretext of treating diseases. I don't know the specific number. But I can give you a data. Every year in the United States, There are about 700 athletes who have applied for therapeutic drug exemption, while the number of Americans participating in previous Olympic Games is only about 500. You can compare it. It can be said that more than 70% of those athletes who need to go abroad to participate in competitions will apply to the International Olympic Games The committee applied for a therapeutic use exemption.”
"So many?" Dai Li was surprised.
The United States is the world's number one sports power, and the level of American athletes is also number one in the world. Athletes who can make it through the domestic trials in the United States and enter the international stage must be the best of the best, and many of them are among the top in the world. athletes.
It is normal for such high-level athletes to suffer from diseases, but if more than 70% of them are "sick", it is obviously impossible. Is it possible that "sick" athletes are much better than normal athletes? So they can defeat normal people and qualify for the qualifying round, which is obviously not physiologically true.
In other words, the physical fitness of the American people is very poor, and they are generally "sick", so the athletes who appear in the trials are also "sick". But how does this explain that the United States is the world's number one sports power? The people of the world's number one sports power are suffering from this disease and that, so why do they engage in sports
The only answer is that they are taking advantage of the rules and using doping reasonably.
However, there are many people on the Internet who defend American athletes, saying that they really want to treat their illnesses. In fact, if you use your brain to analyze carefully, you can get an answer. If those outstanding athletes are all sick and need to take medicine to treat their illnesses, How can you become the best in the world? I really thought that American athletes practiced the "Sunflower Book" and would become invincible in the world as soon as they fell from the womb.
Just listen to Blake continue to say: "Of course, not all of these 700 people can pass, and about one-third of them cannot get the therapeutic drug exemption. But what I can confirm is that the athletes in track and field are definitely The one with the most therapeutic use exemptions.”
Dai Li took a deep breath and said softly: "You mean, most track and field athletes are actually doping?"
"And using all means." Blake then added: "I say this because I hope you can understand that what you have to face next is an unfair competition. I know that you are training in track and field The training level is very high, but the level of other coaches is not too bad, not to mention your opponents, they are very likely to use doping."
"Do you think I can't beat those 'pharmacist coaches'?" Li Dai asked.
"It's difficult. To be honest, I really don't think much of you." Blake shook his head: "Before the suspension, Alexander was the 'second best player in the world', second only to Gittel, and his comeback is destined to be remembered by people. Focus, if his comeback results are very poor, there will inevitably be a lot of doubts, which will also affect the reputation of our training center and your personal reputation."
When Blake said this, he looked at Dai Li, only to find that Dai Li had a confident smile on his face, and his eyes showed a strong fighting spirit, as if victory was in sight.
"Isn't the competition unfair? Other coaches have stimulants, but I have systematic bonuses. This is really unfair to them!" Dai Li thought to himself.