Since the 15th century, Venezuela was under the rule of Spanish colonists. At the end of the American Revolution, General Miranda embarked on a plan to liberate Venezuela, but it was never successful. After the news of the French occupation of Madrid reached Venezuela in 1808, the native white patriots of Caracas wrote a petition to the Overseer requesting that the city hall be changed to Hongta, and local residents' representatives should be included. This petition was rejected. In the spring of 1810, the French army occupied all of Spain. The patriots in Caracas believed that Spain had no government and decided to launch an uprising again. On April 18, the patriots rushed to the city hall to demand an immediate meeting. On the 19th, the meeting was held. Under the pressure of the masses, Hongta was formally established, which meant that the power had been transferred from the Spanish colonial authorities to the native whites, that is, the hands of local businessmen, landlords and intellectuals.
After Hong Ta was established, he acted immediately. It expelled Spanish warlords and other officials hated by the people, and reorganized the judiciary. It announced that it is forbidden to collect tributes from Indians, stop levying taxes on all kinds of daily necessities and export goods, implement free foreign trade, and abolish the slave trade. It also sent representatives to various parts of the country, calling on the people to "make their own contributions to the establishment of the Spanish Union of the Americas." In December 1810, Bolivar returned to Venezuela with Miranda. Honta of Caracas elected Miranda as the commander of the revolutionary army and awarded the rank of lieutenant general. On March 2, 1811, Caracas convened the first Congress. On July 5, Congress, at the urging of the patriots, passed the Declaration of Independence, which was the first declaration of independence in Spanish Latin America. On July 7, the Republic of Venezuela was formally established. On December 21 of the same year, Congress passed the constitution again. The constitution stipulates that this new country is called Colombia, to commemorate Columbus, the discoverer of the New World.
But the revolutionary regime has not been consolidated. Due to the severe situation, Miranda, as the supreme commander, also lost confidence. The Spanish navy captain Monteverde led about 500 armed soldiers into Caracas. Miranda was also imprisoned by the Spanish ruler. Later in 1816 He died in prison in Cadiz, Spain on July 14. The First Republic of Venezuela died.