After the death of the First Republic of Venezuela in 1811, the colonial rule of Monteverde was restored in Venezuela. Bolivar, the leader of the Venezuelan Patriotic faction, summed up the experience and lessons from the failure, and continued to lead the Venezuelan people in the struggle for national independence.
On December 15, 1812, Bolivar issued the famous "Declaration of Catahenina", calling on the people to support him in the struggle to liberate Venezuela, calling on the people to unite and consolidate their strength. He envisioned that the future Venezuela should insist on unity and implement a centralized system. Bolivar was in western Venezuela and led the New Granada to occupy Caracas on August 7. In eastern Venezuela, the army led by Santiago Marino defeated the Monteverde army and liberated most of the country.
By the middle of 1813, most of Venezuela's land was in the hands of patriots. The Spanish governor Monteverde tried to make a comeback, but they were defeated by the Bolivarian army one after another. In 1814, Bolivar established the Second Republic of Venezuela. Bolivar was awarded the title of "Liberator" and became the head of the Republic.
The Spanish colonists were unwilling to fail. They took advantage of the local Lianno’s dissatisfaction with the Bolivarian policy and organized a Lianno cavalry to defeat the Bolivarian Patriotic Army at the Battle of Laporta. At the same time Monteverde occupied Caracas again in July. Bolivar fled abroad. The Second Republic of Venezuela was strangled.