Cuba was reduced to a Spanish colony in the 16th century. The three centuries of colonial oppression caused sharp ethnic conflicts between the Cuban people and the Spanish colonists, and finally led to the outbreak of the great 30-year war of liberation.
In October 1868, the Cuban patriot Carlos Cespedes of Oriente launched an uprising in his Dimajagua sugar factory and declared Cuban independence. In order to unify the armed forces of the provinces in response to the uprising, the Congress of the Rebels was held in April 1869, the government of the Republic of Cuba was established, and Cespedes was elected as the first president of the Republic. The struggle lasted for 10 years, resulting in more than 140,000 casualties in Spain and a loss of 700 million pesos. Due to the compromise and surrender of the right-wing liberal landlords in the insurrection and the capture of Cespedes, some generals in the insurrection army signed the Sanhon Agreement with the colonial authorities in February 1878. The insurgents stopped the armed struggle in exchange for the promise of political reform that the colonial authorities had not fulfilled, thus ending the "Decade of War" phase.
After a short break, the Cuban revolutionaries, under the leadership of Maceo, Garcia and others, rekindled the war in August 1879, calling on the Cuban people, overseas Chinese, comrades from the previous war, and people of color to take up arms. . The veterans of 1868 managed to resume armed struggle time and time again in Cuba and abroad. Due to the lack of unified leadership, the uprising was carried out in various places and was small in scale, it was called the "small war" stage.
Although the struggle in the first two stages paid a heavy price, it showed the Cuban people’s ability to complete the struggle for national independence. The two major races that make up the Cuban nation have melted together in the struggle and have nurtured a large number of elephants like Asai Marti. , Maceo, Gomez and other national heroes. A final battle broke out in 1895～1898. In order to meet this final battle, Marty established the Cuban Revolutionary Party in April 1892 and appointed Gomez, a veteran of the Ten Years War, as the commander-in-chief of the People's Liberation Army. In February 1895, Maceo raised the flag of righteousness for the first time in the province of Oriente. In March, Marty and Gomez issued the famous Monta Christie Declaration, calling on the Cuban people to take up arms and drive away the Spanish colonists. In April, Marty and Gomez led the armed forces to land in eastern Cuba, joined forces with Maceo, and the uprising team grew vigorously. In May, Marty died unfortunately, and Gomez and Maceo continued to fight. In September, the Republic of Cuba was established. In October, the "Rapid Campaign" was launched from east to west, smashing the 200,000 elite troops of the authorities, and arrived at the western end of the island in 1896. The soldiers approached the city of Havana.
In 1897, 2/3 of the country's land was liberated. At this moment, the United States started the Spanish-American War on the pretext of the "Maine" incident. In December 1898, the United States and the West concluded the Paris Peace Treaty. The United States stole the fruits of the Cuban people’s struggle and imposed military occupation on Cuba.