[Translation]
Sun Tzu said: According to the law of military use, there are nine types of battlefields, namely scattered land, light land, contending land, handover land, quarantine land, heavy land, encircled land, and dead land. The so-called "scattered land" means that the princes are fighting against the enemy in their own territory. Such areas are scattered land; fighting in areas where the enemy is not deep is called "light land"; "competing land" refers to Our army will occupy the dangerous areas that are beneficial to them first, and the enemy will occupy the dangerous areas that are beneficial to them first; “handover” refers to flat areas where our army can go and the enemy can also come; “qu” land refers to the princes. According to its situation, the land is connected to neighboring countries on three sides, making vassal states and obtaining most support areas; deep into the enemy’s territory, crossing many enemy cities and towns, called "heavy land"; "wonder land" refers to those mountains and forests, dangers and obstacles. Areas where roads are difficult to navigate, such as landslides, swamps, etc.; the roads to enter are narrow, and the roads to exit are circuitous. The areas where the enemy fights with our army with less than our army’s strength are called “encirclements”; you can survive quickly if you fight quickly. Areas that will be wiped out if you fight quickly are "dead places."
Therefore, you can’t fight in the "scattered area"; when you fight on the "light ground", you must never go deep or stay too long; if you are in a "fighting for land", you should occupy this place before the enemy, but you must not force it. To siege the city, delay the time; in the "handover" battle, you must maintain the connection with the troops, and you must not cut off to prevent being intercepted by the enemy; in the "qudi", you should make friends with the surrounding princes; When fighting in "heavy land", we must seize as much materials as possible and supply them on the spot; when in "heavy land", we should march at a faster speed; in "encircling land", we must use strategy to control the enemy; in "dead land", we must use strategy to control the enemy. You must fight swiftly and live from the dead.
In ancient times, for the so-called good soldiers, they could make the enemy unable to consider the front and back, large and small troops could not rely on each other, officers and soldiers could not rescue each other, isolated from the top and bottom, could not be gathered, soldiers broke and could not be gathered, even if they gathered, they could no longer rely on each other. neat. Of course, the enemy is also worried, and it depends on whether it is advantageous. Act if it is advantageous, and stop if it is disadvantageous.
I ask: "If the enemy has a large number of troops and is in order, and is about to attack our army, how should we deal with it?" The answer is: "First take the enemy's vital points, so that the enemy will have to be forced to obey me." At the mercy." The principle of using troops lies in superb speed. When the enemy is caught off guard, take the enemy's unexpected path and attack where the enemy has no defenses. Almost all the principles for entering an enemy country’s warfare are: After entering the enemy’s territory, you must be united in your army, and the enemy will not be able to defeat me; seize food in rich areas to ensure that the three armies have sufficient food supplies; at the same time, you must pay attention to raising soldiers. Let them overwork, but to improve their morale and accumulate their strength; fighting with troops requires clever design and tricks to make the enemy confused. Even if the army is in a dangerous place where there is nowhere to go, don't give up on death; therefore, if you are not afraid of death, how can the soldiers fight without blood? When soldiers are in deep danger, there is actually nothing to be afraid of; when the army has nowhere to go, the military's spirit can be stabilized; deep into the enemy country, the people's minds are focused and not scattered, and they are bound to fight desperately. Therefore, this kind of army can be strengthened without rectification, it can be self-satisfied without deliberately demanding, it can be close to help without more restraint, it can be disciplined without issuing orders, banning superstitions, dispelling doubts and rumors, even if they die bravely. Don't give up. Our sergeant burns and throws surplus property, not to hate property; he is not afraid of sacrificing his life, nor expressing his hatred of life. Once the order to fight is issued, the soldiers who are sitting will have tears on their shirts, and those who lie down will have tears streaming down their cheeks. Putting the army in a dangerous place is as brave as Zhuan Zhu and Cao Xu. Therefore, those who are good at fighting with soldiers are like "swiftly". The so-called "swiftness" refers to a kind of snake on the mountain. If it hits its head, it will use its tail to rescue its response; if it hits its tail, it will use its head to rescue its response; if it hits its center, Its head and tail will be rescued together. I would like to ask: "Can the army make it look like it's frank?" The answer is: "Of course it can." The Wu people and the Vietnamese people have always been hostile to each other, but when they cross the river in the same boat, if they encounter strong winds, they will also each other. Rescue, just like left and right hands. Therefore, it is useless to try to use horses and bury the wheels to stabilize the military's mind. If you want the whole army to be courageous and courageous, it mainly depends on whether the military and government can get the law; if you want to use the strong and the weak and do their best, then you must make proper use of the terrain. Therefore, those who are good at using soldiers seem to be supporting the hands of one person when using the three armies. This is also the result of putting the soldiers to death and not being able to cause them.
For the commanding army, we must be calm and unpredictable, and be fair and honest, so that people dare not offend, and at the same time blind the soldiers to the eyes and ears of the soldiers and make them ignorant of military plans; learn to change what they do and change The initial tactics prevented people from seeing its true intentions; the garrison would often change the station and march in a roundabout way, so that the enemy could not infer its strategy. It is necessary to restrain and warn the generals, and even let them advance as if they were climbing a number of heights and pulling off the ladder. When the generals and soldiers went deep into the land of the princes, they had the opportunity to win. Like a herder driving the flock, sometimes rushing past and sometimes rushing over, so that the other party does not know where it is going. It is also the general's responsibility to gather all the soldiers and soldiers in one place and then throw them into a dangerous place, so that they can learn to fight to the death. According to different topography and topography, take different courses of action, expand and retreat according to the actual situation, choose what benefits, and pay attention to the common sense of the soldiers in different situations. All of these must be scrutinized and studied carefully.
Generally speaking, the principle of fighting in another country is: the deeper into the enemy's territory, the more focused the mind of the soldier, and the shallower the entry, the easier it is for the soldier to lose his mind. The area where you leave your country and enter the enemy’s battlefield through a neighboring country is called a “jedi”, while “qudi” refers to an area extending in all directions to a neighboring country; entering an area with a deeper enemy’s border is called a “heavy land”; The area where is called "light land"; "enclosed land" refers to the area where the back is dangerous and the front is narrow; the "dead land", as the name suggests, is the area with nowhere to go. Therefore, in the "scattered land", where the soldiers are most likely to be scattered, I must unite my will; in the "light land", I must connect the troops closely; when I am in the "fighting for land", that is, where dangers and obstacles must be contended. At times, I have to act quickly to get behind the enemy, so that the next generation will come and the first will come; in the "handover", that is, the area of traffic, I have to guard carefully; and in the "qudi", I We must strengthen exchanges with the princes; in the "heavy land", I will ensure the supply of food for the army; in the "heavy land", that is, the place where destruction is difficult, I will speed up the march; in the "enclosed land", I will close the gap; in the "dead place", I will show the soldiers to see the battle with a mortal determination. Therefore, the soldiers' mood changes due to being surrounded, they will work together to resist, and they can fight desperately with the enemy as a last resort. When soldiers are in a dangerous situation, they will inevitably follow the command. Therefore, if you do not understand the strategies of the princes of the nations, you cannot associate with them; if you are not familiar with mountains, forests, dangers, swamps and other terrain, you cannot march; if you do not use guides, you cannot benefit from the land. Even if there is only one ignorance of the interests of the "nine regions," this army cannot be regarded as an "overlord" army.
The "Overlord" army in the attack on the Six Nations could not reunite its military and civilians; when the enemy was heavily armed, the countries that they had previously acquainted with did not dare to cooperate and rescue. Therefore, one can realize one's ambitions without making friends with other vassals and developing one's own power in other countries, and the enemy country will face heavy military pressure, and can also seize cities and destroy the country. Implement unusual rewards and issue unexpected orders; the soldiers of the three armies are united. Do not tell the soldiers their intentions, drive them to perform combat tasks, only tell the soldiers the advantages, but not the dangers. Put soldiers in a dangerous place, they will naturally fight for survival. Soldiers will fall into a "dead place", and they will definitely put them to death and live afterwards. Only when soldiers are trapped in a perilous situation can they have the courage to win and defeat the enemy. Therefore, when commanding operations, you must be good at pretending to obey the enemy’s will. Once you find the enemy’s omissions, concentrate your forces to attack this weakness. If so, even if there are tens of millions of enemies, you can capture and kill enemy generals. This is the so-called coincidence. meaning. Therefore, when deciding on a decisive battle, it is necessary to hold on to important gates, to abolish the pass, to cut off the contacts between envoys, and to take seriously and severely punish leaks of military secrets. Once you find an opportunity to take advantage of, you must take the opportunity to enter. First of all, we must seize the enemy's vital place, rather than give the enemy a respite and meeting. The plan is to advance with the times and to win the war. Therefore, at first, you must be as quiet as a virgin, deliberately showing weakness, so that the enemy relaxes your guard, and once the battle is open, you must be like a hare running quickly, so that the enemy has no time to resist.