A method of elevating special statements to general statements (or principles of laws and theorems). Empirical science comes from observation and experiment. It combines a large number of original records into a few laws and theorems to form an orderly knowledge system. This is the process of the formation of empirical science. It can be seen that what kind of induction is valid and reliable is the most important issue to be studied in empirical science. Since the extension of science in the strict sense, exploration and debate in this area have never stopped.
A method of deriving special statements by applying general statements (or principles of axioms, laws, theorems) or deriving one statement from another. In a deductive argument, the general conclusion is the basis and the specific conclusion is the argument. Deductive reasoning is the opposite of inductive reasoning. It reflects the general to specific logical relationship between arguments and arguments.
The main form of deductive reasoning is the syllogism, which consists of major premise, minor premise and conclusion. The major premise is the general thing; the minor premise is the specific thing of the argument; the conclusion is the argument. Arguments using deductive methods must conform to the form of deductive reasoning.
At this point, I have to mention the most terrifying product in the apocalypse, and the one that drives scientists crazy the most, the virus. It is the cause of the apocalypse and the origin of everything.
Virology is an emerging discipline that takes viruses as the research object and is formed through the mutual penetration and integration between virology and molecular biology. Specifically, it is a discipline that, based on a full understanding of the general morphological and structural characteristics of viruses, studies the structure and function of viral genomes, explores viral genome replication, gene expression and their regulatory mechanisms, thereby revealing the molecules responsible for viral infection and pathogenicity. In essence, it is a science that provides theoretical basis and basis for the development of viral genetic engineering vaccines and antiviral drugs, as well as the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of viral diseases.
Virology is a science that studies the smallest non-cellular biological viruses. As a type of biological factor in the earth's biosphere, humans have been understanding the nature of viruses and their laws of life for a century. Virology It has achieved tremendous development and has now become an important sub-discipline in the field of life sciences. The content of virology research involves all aspects of life activities such as the type, composition, structure, metabolism, growth and reproduction, heredity, evolution, and distribution of viruses, as well as the relationship between viruses and other organisms and the environment.
Virology research is closely related to life sciences and biotechnology, because viruses are the simplest model for studying life activities, and provide a powerful tool for modern research on the structure and function of biological macromolecules, as well as efficient expression and regulation of genomes. It has played an important role in human understanding of life phenomena. A lot of basic information is provided along the way. At the same time, on the one hand, viruses can cause various diseases in animals, plants and humans, such as AIDS, which is still a huge threat to human survival; on the other hand, they can be used to eliminate pests and express foreign genes. The carrier can be used by humans. Virology involves broad fields such as medicine, veterinary medicine, environment, agriculture and industry, and has accordingly developed into sub-disciplines such as phageology, medical virology, veterinary virology, environmental virology, plant virology and insect virology. Virology has become a key subject that must be studied in depth for people to understand the nature of life, develop the national economy and ensure the health of humans and animals.
Medical virology is an important branch of virology, which mainly studies the characteristics of viruses from a medical perspective. It is sometimes called medical molecular virology. The research scope of medical virology includes the nature of viruses, transmission modes and pathogenic mechanisms, as well as application-level drug and vaccine research. It is closely related to molecular biology and pharmacology.
It does not show any life characteristics outside the cell, and all its life activities can only be carried out within the living host cell. This mode of parasitism is different from the parasitism of certain microorganisms such as Leprae, Rickettsia, and Chlamydia. They are mainly caused by the lack of exogenous nutrients or exogenous metabolic intermediates that need to be provided by the host.
First, viruses are pathogens that can infect almost all cellular organisms and cause disease. According to preliminary statistics, 60-70% of human infectious diseases are caused by viral infections. From common colds, measles, mumps, polio, rabies, hepatitis, various encephalitis, to epidemic hemorrhagic fever, Alzheimer's disease, AIDS and many cancers. Therefore, viral infectious diseases are still one of the major diseases that seriously endanger the health of our people. The reasons are that viral genes continue to mutate under the combined effects of natural selection and population immunity, as well as the aging of the social population and the acceleration of urbanization. Due to the interaction of factors, the epidemic of certain viral infectious diseases has not only failed to be effectively controlled, but has become more rampant. The prevalence of hepatitis A, B, C, AIDS, influenza and various enterovirus diseases is still very serious. In addition, many results indicate that viruses are closely related to the occurrence of malignant tumors and various chronic diseases.
At the same time, viruses can also cause diseases in poultry, livestock, wild animals, crops, forest trees and fruits, and many other economic animals, plants and microorganisms, thus causing great harm to human economic activities and the ecological environment. To study molecular virology is to fully understand the characteristics of viruses, elucidate the relationship between the structure and function of viral genes and products at the molecular level, reveal the pathogenic mechanism and essence of viruses, and lay the foundation for the ultimate control of viral diseases. Popularity provides important theoretical basis and scientific basis.
Secondly, because some viruses can also invade organisms that are harmful to humans, they can become an important means of biological control. For example, the lysis of bacteria by bacteriophages is used to treat diseases such as cholera, dysentery and typhoid; insect viruses are used to prevent and control harmful insects.
Finally, because viruses are the simplest structural units of life currently known, based on their outstanding characteristics of relative simplicity outside the cell and the complexity of the interaction between viruses and host cells within the cell, they have become a research subject in molecular biology. Ideal for problems in replication, information transfer, mutation, and other molecular biology. The results of research using molecular biology methods not only promote virology research, but also play a huge role in promoting the development of molecular biology. In short, today, when molecular virology interpenetrates and promotes each other in various natural sciences, its research and development play a very important role in elucidating more major topics in modern biology and in promoting the development of biotechnology. .
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