The transitional stage of science is often accompanied by a cruel denial stage, and no matter what kind of science it is, it cannot escape this stage.
Darwin's theory of evolution was founded in the mid-19th century by Darwin, who founded the scientific theory of biological evolution. With natural selection as its core, it provided a materialistic and regular explanation for the occurrence and development of the entire biological world for the first time, overturning creationism. The dominance of idealism and metaphysics in biology has brought about a revolutionary change in biology.
After the Renaissance and the Enlightenment, modern scientific rational thinking has been established. Darwin's era was in the mid-to-late 19th century. It was the previous stage of emerging from ignorance and advocating science. In terms of thought and rationality, it provided the ideological basis for Darwin to establish the theory of evolution by natural selection. His long travels as a young man accumulated a large amount of evidence, triggering his thoughts on the evolution of species and eventually forming a complete system. It is undeniable that because science was not very developed at that time, the theory of evolution had theoretical flaws. However, with the continuous progress of science, the theory of evolution has developed into a modern comprehensive theory of evolution.
In fact, the purpose of opposing the theory of evolution is only one—to elicit God. Nowadays, those who oppose the theory of evolution are very vague. They do not directly talk about divine creation, but the theory of intelligent design. However, there are only two possibilities for how species appear, one is natural evolution, and the other is creation. Even if life on our planet was created by aliens, where the aliens came from is still a question. There is still a question of evolution or creation. Therefore, when considering life in the universe, there is still only natural evolution and creation. Create two possibilities.
It denies evolution, that is, it naturally leads to the creator. If the creator is an alien, then this problem has not been fundamentally solved. Therefore, in the end, only the introduction of divine creation is the fundamental purpose. God does not need to be created in religion. Yes, this is why anti-evolutionists are basically religious people, and creationism, no matter what name it is disguised under, will not add anything of value to scientific research.
There is a struggle for survival among living things. Those who are adaptable survive and those who are unfit are eliminated. This is natural selection. It is through heredity, variation and natural selection that organisms evolve and develop from low-level to high-level, from simple to complex, and from few to many types.
Species are mutable, existing species are modified from other species, and one species can become a new species. This has now been confirmed by observations and experiments in biogeography, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, paleontology, molecular biology and other disciplines. The emergence of new species can even be directly observed in the laboratory and the wild. Therefore, this is a scientific fact, which is as reliable as "the earth is round" and "matter is composed of atoms". Today, except for a few people who ignore the facts due to religious fanaticism, virtually no biologist denies the fact of biological evolution.
All living things descend from a common ancestor. Molecular biology discovered that all living things use the same genetic code, and biochemistry revealed that all living things are highly consistent at the molecular level, ultimately confirming Darwin's vision. Therefore, this is also a generally accepted scientific fact.
It is now generally accepted in academic circles that natural selection is not as widely used as Darwin imagined. Natural selection is the mechanism of adaptive evolution (that is, the adaptation of organisms to the environment). For non-adaptive evolution, there are other mechanisms such as genetic drift. In other words, natural selection cannot be used to explain all evolutionary phenomena. Considering that adaptive evolution is the core phenomenon of biological evolution, it is also true to say that natural selection is the main mechanism of evolution.
When Darwin was alive and for a long time after his death, most biologists, especially paleontologists, believed that biological evolution could undergo jumps, and that new forms and organs were derived from large jumps. It is not the slow and gradual accumulation of small variations under the influence of natural selection. Some paleontologists, including Huxley, held this view because of their emphasis on the discontinuity of biological fossils. For a period of time after the birth of genetics, early geneticists also generally accepted the theory of transition due to their emphasis on the discontinuity of genetic traits.
The theory of evolution is the second major scientific breakthrough in human history. The first time was that the heliocentric theory replaced the geocentric theory, denying the arrogance of human beings at the center of the universe; the second time was the theory of evolution, which brought human beings to the same level as ordinary creatures. All creatures on earth are closely or distantly related to human beings, completely breaking the ignorant self-esteem of human beings who are inferior to one god and superior to all living beings.
It is a fact that species evolve. What are the reasons for evolution? Why do species mutate? Why do species show an evolution from simple to complex, from low-level to high-level? Before Darwin, there were some evolutionists Trying to answer this question, their answers either deviate from the facts or are too far-fetched. Darwin summarized and abandoned the theories of his predecessors, and paid attention to absorbing nutrients from academic thoughts in other disciplines. After years of hard exploration and intense thinking, he proposed the theory of natural selection to explain the facts of biological evolution.
How do new species appear? Because old species mutate, why do many species become extinct? Because they cannot withstand the pressure of the struggle for survival. Why is the relationship between existing organisms and the environment so harmonious? Because some of the countless variations are just in line with the choices of the environment. As for why lower types of organisms exist everywhere, Darwin wrote: This is not difficult to understand, because natural selection, the survival of the fittest, does not necessarily involve progressive development-natural selection only takes advantage of the complex relationships of life. those mutations of living things.
Correspondingly, the emergence of new species also means that another batch of old species will disappear. The same is true for science. When new science appears, the old science will disappear and change from the position that people think of to negation. From a sacred position to a foolish rumor, there will be many sacrifices in this process.
But now that Lin Feng is here, the old science base is now in a transitional stage. It's just that people have discovered new science but cannot confirm it, or they have discovered new science but cannot develop real things, so no one agrees with it.
However, there are many products of modern science in Lin Feng's supermarket, so it is only appropriate for Lin Feng to witness the evolution of science.
(End of chapter)