In later generations, the S-300 system is famous and has always been talked about by military fans, but if you want to talk about its origin, I am afraid that not many people know it.
To say that it became famous, it was in the nineties, but its development began in the sixties.
In the 1960s, the United States began planning a three-dimensional integrated air strike combination consisting of cruise missiles, bomber low-altitude penetration and theater ballistic missiles. Under such circumstances, the threats faced by the Soviet homeland air defense operations have greatly increased. In the past, it was only necessary to prevent enemy aircraft from penetrating at supersonic speeds from high altitudes. Now, high-altitude ballistic missiles, low-altitude and ultra-low-altitude supersonic attacks. Defensive fighter planes and cruise missiles have become the main threats.
In this case, the original "Volga" S-75 air defense missile system and "Vega" S-200 air defense missile system of the Soviet Union can no longer meet the needs of homeland air defense.
(That is, the Sam-2 and Sam-5 systems)
The Soviet military decided to develop a new and more advanced air defense system to replace them. After repeated studies, they believe that it is necessary to develop a field surface-to-air missile weapon system for anti-tactical ballistic missiles and anti-cruise missiles, anti-missiles and anti-aircraft, and require this surface-to-air missile system to have full airspace combat capabilities and better Mobility to improve survivability and concealment, stronger electronic countermeasures, this is the prototype of the S-300 air defense missile, and in the past, surface-to-air missiles were only anti-aircraft.
In 1965, the Soviet Science and Technology Committee and the Third Research Institute of the Army Rocket Artillery Headquarters jointly formulated the "Anti-tactical ballistic missile and anti-cruise missile general,
Anti-missile and anti-aircraft general surface-to-air missile weapon system" tactical technology development mission statement. Two years later, this project was officially approved.
However, it is too difficult to intercept ballistic missiles. The technology is completely beyond the Soviet level. In the end, it was decided to reduce the difficulty and only have theater anti-missile capabilities. In this way, the general principle of the development of air defense missiles for the three services is required. System and named S-300 system.
From 1967 to 1970, the S-300 prototype was developed by the Diamond Central Design Bureau. This time, it took ten years. It was not until 1977 that the first model in this system was considered to be an equipment unit.
At first, there was only one type of 9M83 missile. This missile has a range of only 40 kilometers when dealing with an incoming ballistic missile, but it has a range of up to 100 kilometers when dealing with an aircraft. (Another way of saying it is 75 kilometers.)
In the eyes of the Soviets, this range is too short, and you will know it by looking at later generations. After continuous development, the range of new missiles has reached 400 kilometers, which is definitely an abnormal number.
Even if it is only a hundred kilometers now, this is terrible. What does it mean
Anti-aircraft missiles are generally a passive defensive weapon, but now, it has become a terrible offensive weapon!
The widest area of the Nemuro Strait is less than 70 kilometers, and now, the launch position here is only 50 kilometers to the opposite Rausu. Therefore, as long as this air defense missile position is deployed here, it can be protected. Rausu’s sky, any plane that comes here will be terribly shot!
This is a complete set of launch companies. On the top of this mountain, it is actually just a high hillside, just to open their positions. Here you can see the surrounding scenery without any omissions, nor will they be blocked by rocks. As for Is it possible to be attacked? It is dangerous at a distance of 100 kilometers. What kind of plane can fly over to attack it
On the top of the mountain is the command company. One command company can perform target indication and allocation to the four launch companies, and exercise command and control.
Two of the launch companies are right next to the command company, and the other two launch companies are located at the foot of the mountain.
Each launch company includes 1 guidance and tracking radar, 6 irradiation launch vehicles, 6 launch loading vehicles, and a certain number of missiles. In later generations, the firing company can be composed of a mixed firepower unit or a single firepower unit. For example, each launch company is equipped with 4 9M83 launch vehicles and 2 9M82 launch vehicles, or 6 are all 9M83 launch vehicles. Now, since there is only one type of missile, they are all large 9M83 missiles.
A launch company has 6 launch vehicles, so that the entire air defense position can simultaneously launch 24 missiles and attack 24 targets!
How many planes can the other party come over at the same time? Hundreds of them are not afraid, because of their advantages in range, they can strike in batches.
This missile system is the treasure of the Soviets. It is still absolutely secret. The Americans will not discover its existence until several years later, and then named it the Sam-12 missile.
And now, it has opened its mouth, ready to swallow any aircraft and missiles that may approach it, no matter what the target is, as long as it is flying, it is within its strike range!
In order to protect this missile position, there is also a Sam-6 air defense missile position on its outer side. Once any aircraft enters here, it will be hit ruthlessly.
The entire missile base is like a hedgehog. Unless the Americans use medium-range ballistic missiles, they can destroy it. Yes, only medium-range ballistic missiles will work. Short-range missiles will be killed directly by them.
At this time, the two main search radars were both in shutdown.
A powerful system is naturally inseparable from a powerful radar.
The entire S-300 system has two sets of radars, of which the ring search radar codenamed 9S15MT is a three-coordinate phased array radar, which is mainly used to search for aircraft targets. The range is 250 kilometers, it can detect 200 targets and track 75 targets.
The other is a sector search radar code-named 9S19MT, which is also a three-coordinate phased array radar, mainly used to search for tactical ballistic missiles. The sector search can shorten the time to find and track tactical ballistic missiles to ensure stable monitoring of the flight track of the incoming ballistic missile.
But now, they have not turned on the radar system because the time is not yet.
Since it is a secret weapon, of course it must be a fatal blow, giving the enemy the greatest blow!
Not only the four northern islands, but also the Nemuro Strait, are all Soviets! As long as the American plane dares to come over, beat them down! Ensuring the air safety of the Nemuro Strait can guarantee the battle of the ground forces.
Relying on the army itself will do, and there is no need for the air force and the air defense air force to add to the chaos.
Without turning on the radar, what do you rely on to find the target
Of course it is the human eye! The human eye is the most reliable. (End of this chapter)