France was prepared to obtain a solution to the Sudetenland problem at any cost at the Munich Conference. The U.S. government also actively assisted Chamberlain in planning the Munich Conspiracy. The U.S. ambassador in Berlin reported to the country that the British ambassador in Germany was very uneasy about the development of anti-Chamberlain forces in the United Kingdom and reminded the U.S. government that Chamberlain's fall would mean war. He called on the U.S. government to publicly support Chamberlain in order to strengthen his position.
The US ambassadors to the UK and France also made the same call to their governments. In order to rescue Chamberlain and Daladier, the President of the United States also sent two letters with the same content to Hitler and Czechoslovak President Benes; Secretary of State Hull sent two identical letters to Chamberlain and Daladier, calling on them to continue negotiations. in order to "resolve matters of dispute peacefully, fairly and constructively".
The President of the United States sent another secret letter to Mussolini, asking him to "help continue efforts to reach an agreement on the disputed issues through negotiation or other peaceful means without resorting to force." That night, Roosevelt wrote another separate letter to Hitler , proposed that a conference should be held immediately in a neutral area of Europe, with the participation of the countries directly concerned with the Czechoslovakia dispute. "Continued negotiations remain the only way by which the issues at hand can be resolved on a lasting basis," the recommendation said.
Although Lin Wei returned to the border, news from Berlin continued to reach his ears through the Gestapo. When he heard about the compromises of several countries such as the United Kingdom, Lin Wei unconsciously started to whistle and vented his anger. The excitement and their compromise showed that Czechoslovakia had to swallow the bitter pill of Sudetenland's separation even though it was tough.
Sure enough, Hitler immediately sent a telegram asking Lin Wei to go back and accompany him to the Munich Conference. As Hitler's order was issued, Chen Bing's hundreds of thousands of troops on the Czechoslovak border immediately disappeared.
In just a few days, Lin Wei ran back and forth between the border and Berlin. Even Lin Wei's young body couldn't bear it, but it was all worth it. With a little effort, he blackmailed the Sudetenland. What a good thing. Find it.
However, Lin Wei did not return to Berlin this time, but went to Munich, Bavaria, where the conference was held.
Here, Lin Wei met Hitler.
Here Lin Wei joined the National Socialist Party, and here Lin Wei witnessed Hitler moving towards the goal of the German head of state bit by bit. Munich left Lin Wei with too many memories. The capital of the Kingdom of Bavaria witnessed the birth of a man known as the War Madman.
Now is not the time to be sentimental. Lin Wei calmed down and immediately found Hitler. After meeting, Lin Wei said half seriously and half flatteringly, "Führer, you are one step closer to your dream. Now Britain and France can't wait to beg for mercy." Yes, if we get the Sudetenland, we can annex the entire Czechoslovakia at any time, oh no..." Speaking of this, Lin Wei paused and shouted, "Maybe we can solve the Czech Republic while accepting the Sudetenland, so that they will no longer pose a threat to us. threaten".
Although Lin Wei's compliment made Hitler very happy, he still said, "Lampard, don't be happy too early. The closer we are to success, the more careful we have to be, right?"
At this time, Hitler was like a cunning old fox. Even though he was a human being, he could tell that he was very happy at this time. But as he said, the closer you are to success, the more careful you must be.
The meeting has not yet begun, and Lin Wei already knows that Hitler is absolutely certain about this meeting. Because Hitler had already found an ally, Italian Prime Minister Mussolini had arrived in Munich as early as the day before. Moreover, it was Hitler who personally went to the German-Austrian border to greet Mussolini and laid the foundation for joint action at the conference.
On the train to Munich, Hitler was in a combative mood, pointing to a map and explaining to the Italian leader how he planned to liquidate Czechoslovakia. He said that if the negotiations that began that day did not produce immediate results, he would resort to force. According to Ciano, the Italian Foreign Minister and Mussolini's son-in-law who was present at the time, quoted Hitler, "One day we will fight side by side against Britain and France." Mussolini agreed.
When Chamberlain came to Munich, he didn't seem to take any action. He didn't go to his natural ally, the French. When Chamberlain and Daladier's special plane landed in Munich, the two had not communicated, let alone made progress and retreat together. Not to mention that He Lai was facing off against two dictators. In fact, when Chamberlain came to Munich, he had already made up his mind not to let anyone, certainly not the Czechs, not even the French, stand in the way of a quick agreement with Hitler. As for Daladier, he had been running along in a daze all day, and there was no need to be wary of him.
At 1 pm on July 30, in the Heads of State at Konigsplatz, the heads of the four major European countries, Britain, France, Germany and Italy, gathered together for the first time. Chamberlain came to the meeting wearing a black suit and French Prime Minister Daladier wearing a gray coat. In fact, the atmosphere of this meeting was very relaxed from the beginning. Everyone knew that the purpose of this meeting was to exchange what Hitler wanted. It's just in her hands. Since the leaders of Britain and France have already arrived, it means that Britain and France have recognized Germany's conditions.
There was an "atmosphere of general goodwill" at the start of the talks. No one is president. The whole process was very casual. Chamberlain, Daladier, Hitler and Mussolini seemed to be just a few good friends chatting at a dance. That's all.
The meeting came into contact with substantive issues when Mussolini spoke. He was the third to speak. He said he brought a clear written proposal "in order to provide a practical solution to the problem." In fact, the deception that the Italian leader presented as his own compromise turned out to have been drafted by Göring, Neurath and Weizsacker at the German Foreign Office in Berlin the day before. Göring showed it to Hitler, who said yes. So it was immediately translated into French by Dr. Schmidt and sent to the Italian Ambassador Attolico. Attolico sent the full text to Rome by telephone. The Italian dictator received it just before boarding the train to Munich. In this way, the so-called "Italian proposal" not only became the only agenda at this informal meeting, but also became a basic clause of the subsequent Munich Agreement. In fact, it was just a German proposal created in Berlin.
The wording of the proposal was so similar to Hitler's rejected Goldsberg demand that the above fact should have seemed obvious. But this was not the case for Daladier and Chamberlain, or the British and French ambassadors to Germany who now accompanied them to the meeting. The French Prime Minister "welcomed the Italian leader's proposal", saying that it was put forward in an objective and realistic spirit; the British Prime Minister also "welcomed the Italian leader's proposal" and claimed that he himself had thought of a solution similar to this proposal . As for Ambassador Henderson, he believed that Mussolini "cleverly combined Hitler's suggestions with British and French suggestions and presented them as his own"; Ambassador Francois-Poncet had the impression that the participants were based on Work was in progress on a one-nation memorandum drafted by Horace Wilson. These British and French politicians and diplomats who only want appeasement at all costs are so stupid and gullible!
Now that the "Italian proposal" was warmly welcomed by all participants, only a few details remained to be worked out.
At this time, Chamberlain, who was a businessman and had served as finance minister, raised his own question: "Mr. Hitler, Mr. Mussolini, I want to know who will take charge of the public property in the Sudetenland after it is transferred to Germany." Compensate the Czech government.”
"No compensation will be given at all. So many years ago, the Czechs exploited the Germans in the Sudetenland. What they left behind should be left to those Germans as compensation. When the Czechs move out of the Sudetenland, they cannot take away even a single livestock." Hitler Said arrogantly.
After hearing Hitler's arrogant words, no matter how good-tempered he was, Chamberlain couldn't help but laugh and asked, "Does this mean that the farmers will be driven out, but their livestock will be left behind?"
Seeing that the two sides were about to quarrel, Lin Wei, who was sitting behind Hitler, stood up and smoothed things over and said, "Gentlemen, you all have a lot of things to deal with in your respective countries. Time is too precious and cannot be wasted on such minutiae."
When Chamberlain heard this, he immediately borrowed the donkey from the slope and never mentioned it again.
Chamberlain had indeed insisted at the outset that a Czech representative should be present, or at least, as he put it, "on call". But Hitler wouldn't budge. He did not allow any Czechs in his presence. In the end, Chamberlain won a small concession. It was agreed that, as the Prime Minister had suggested, a Czech representative could be waiting in the next room and available on call.
Since everyone has no objections to this agreement, the only thing left is to sign the contract. At the meeting that afternoon, two Czech representatives came, one was the Czech Minister in Berlin Vojtje Mastny, and the other was Dr. Hubert Masaryk from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Prague. They were brought in In the next room.
It wasn't until everything was settled and everyone was chatting and drinking that Chamberlain remembered the two Czech representatives who had been forgotten in the corner. The two unhappy Czechs were brought to see Sir Horace Wilson, the prime minister's loyal adviser. The two Czechs, Sir Horace Wilson, couldn't help but feel sympathy in their hearts. If possible, Sir Horace Wilson really didn't want to do such a hurtful job, but in the face of national interests, Horace Wilson Sir Wilson still made up his mind and said, "The four countries of Britain, France, Germany and Italy have made a decision on the ownership of the Sudetenland. Czechoslovakia should withdraw from the Sudetenland." As he said this, he handed them a map indicating that the Czechs should withdraw from the Sudetenland immediately.
When the two Czech envoys wanted to protest, the British diplomat interrupted them and left. The two Czechs continued to protest to Ashidon-Gwatkin, who was with them, but to no avail.
Ashidon-Gwatkin raised his legs and was about to leave when he stopped, sighed and said, "If you don't accept it, you will have to deal with the Germans completely alone. Maybe the French are telling you this." It may be said more politely, but you can believe me, they have the same view as us. They don't want to interfere with your business!" Although these words must have made the two Czech envoys very sad, they were telling the truth.
Just after one o'clock in the morning on July 30, Hitler, Chamberlain, Mussolini and Daladier signed their names on the Munich Agreement in this order. This agreement stipulated that the German army would march into Czechoslovakia on October 1 and complete the occupation of the Sudetenland on August 10, as Hitler had repeatedly predicted in the past. Hitler had got what he wanted at Goldsburg.
At the same time, the Germans and Italians celebrated their victory with champagne and various delicacies at the Heads of State. At least so far, they have completely won.
In order to make the Czechoslovak government submit to Hitler's demands and to guide the people's emotions in the designated direction, it was to declare that the Soviet Union did not abide by the mutual assistance agreement it signed with Czechoslovakia. In fact, this really wronged the Soviets. Although the Soviet Union and Germany had a brief honeymoon period after World War I, when Germany really started to become stronger, the Soviets immediately felt a thorn in their backs. It was too late to contain them, so how could they cooperate. If it weren't for the Poles in the middle, the common enemy of these two countries would have already started to attack. At that time, the Soviet government clearly expressed the Soviet Union's firm will to fulfill its allied obligations. The French government asked in early July how the Soviet Union would treat Czechoslovakia if it were attacked. In its reply, the Soviet government made the following suggestions:
First, the Soviet Union, Britain, and France issued a joint statement declaring that they would assist Czechoslovakia if Germany attacked Czechoslovakia without provocation;
Second, urge the League of Nations to discuss defense means and approaches;
Third, the Soviet Union, France, and Britain held comprehensive talks to discuss technical issues.
The Soviet government has stated more than once that as long as France fulfills its obligations, the Soviet Union will provide immediate assistance. Later, Stalin commissioned the Czechoslovak communists to tell the Czech government that even if France did not send troops, as long as the Czechoslovak government resolutely resisted fascist aggression and made a request to the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union was prepared to provide military assistance.
When the Polish government prepared to participate in the division of the spoils from Czechoslovakia and massed troops on the Czechoslovak border, the Soviet government protested in Warsaw. The Soviet government stated that it would regard the entry of Polish troops into Czechoslovakia as an unprovoked invasion and would immediately abrogate the Polish-Soviet non-aggression pact.
However, in Lin Wei's view, the Soviets coming out at this time would definitely not be of much help, and even helping would be a disservice. Britain and France were already suspicious of the Soviet Union. The Soviets jumped out at this time, which did not benefit the situation in Czechoslovakia at all. On the contrary, it will be good for Germany.
Sure enough, although the British and French BOOS were in Munich, their domestic media were not idle. They immediately reported in a large section the Soviet threat to Poland and revealed the alliance treaty between the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. , the influence of the Munich Agreement disappeared for a time, and the threat from the Soviet Union became the most talked about issue.
Suddenly, under the gaze of Europe, Czechoslovakia no longer dared to mention its alliance treaty with the Soviets. On the day after the Munich Agreement was signed, the Czechoslovak government declared, “We would rather Hitler invade than rely on Voloshirov to defend us.”
In fact, in Lin Wei's view, the Czechoslovaks were not too stupid, judging from the expansion of the Russian Empire in history. The Russians seem to have a natural greed for land. Although the British expansion was far larger than the Russian Empire at its peak, judging from the subsequent results, Russian-style expansion is undoubtedly more threatening.
In other words, Czechoslovakia has two options. One is to let Germany annex the Sudetenland, and the other is to invite the Soviets in. However, by then I am afraid that the Soviets will get used to it and don't want to leave, and the Czechs will have no choice. Therefore, it is understandable that the Czechs would rather trust Germany and exchange the Sudetenland for peace.
After the signing of the Munich Agreement, Hitler got what he wanted. At this time, the 'Peace Ambassador' Chamberlain once again asked to meet with Hitler. In view of the fact that he had just obtained control of the Sudetenland from the British acquiescence, Hitler's attitude towards Chamberlain was still very good. OK
When Chamberlain arrived, Hitler was celebrating with Göring, Linwei and other senior officials of the National Socialist Party. After seeing Chamberlain, Linwei first said, "Dear British Prime Minister, are you here to attend our dinner?" "
"Lampard, I want to talk to Hitler about something," Chamberlain said slowly.
"Dear Prime Minister, please come with me." Lin Wei politely took Chamberlain to the room where Hitler rested. And made a temporary guest appearance as a clerk.
Chamberlain first said, "I believe that the head of state will adopt a tolerant and generous attitude in implementing the Munich Agreement", and then said, "If the Czechs have any drastic reaction after learning the news, I hope that the head of state will not bomb Prague to avoid causing confusion among civilians." Terrible damage.”
"Prime Minister, please rest assured. As long as the Czechs do not threaten the lives of the Germans in the Sudetenland, I will exercise restraint." Having obtained the Sudetenland, Hitler has actually taken advantage of him. Naturally, he will not have trouble with the Czechs at this time. , and he also knew the dangers in the Sudetenland incident. After all, just a few days ago, Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union... these countries almost had a conflict with Germany. Although the Czech Republic's war potential has been weakened, it is not the time to slap him to death, so Hitler is still very polite to Chamberlain.
Little did I know that these words were just the beginning, right away. Chamberlain began to say, "Führer, when will you come to London for a walk?"
Hitler did not expect that Chamberlain would say such a sentence, so he could only laugh and cry and said, "The people who received me must be a demonstration against me!"
"Well - that's not necessarily true, right? After all, we have ensured peace in Europe!" Chamberlain said with a smile.
Hitler picked up the tea cup. Since he didn't understand Chamberlain's trump card, Hitler didn't mind arguing with him and said, "With your invitation from the Prime Minister, I must go to London to see it when I have time."
"I think His Majesty the King will welcome the head of state very much," Chamberlain said with a gentlemanly manner.
In the following time, Chamberlain also suggested to Hitler that Britain and Germany should further cooperate, suggested promoting disarmament, promoting world economic prosperity, strengthening European political peace, and even suggested solving the Russian problem. Then the Prime Minister took out a piece of paper from his pocket and had written something on it that he wanted the two men to sign and publish immediately.
Especially to promote economic prosperity. If the Soviets took the opportunity to escape the economic crisis because the country's model did not match other countries, then Germany would be the first European country to wake up from the economic crisis, especially the Juncker landlords in Germany. It has not been weakened by the financial crisis and has taken advantage of this opportunity to become even stronger.
The British Prime Minister is still responsible in this regard. At least he knows how to consider the lives of the British people. However, Germany's method of relying on military industry to drive the economy is really something that other countries cannot imitate. Chamberlain might be a good minister who would benefit Britain as chancellor of the exchequer, but he is really not suitable to be the number one leader.
We, the German Head of State and Chancellor and the British Prime Minister, met again today and agreed that the question of Anglo-German relations is of the utmost importance to both countries and to Europe.
We regard the agreement signed last night and the Anglo-German naval agreement as a symbol of the desire of our two peoples never to be at war with each other again.
We are determined to use a consultative approach as the solution to any other problem involving our two countries, and we are determined to continue our efforts to eliminate possible causes of disagreement and thereby help to secure peace in Europe.
Hitler took one look at the declaration and quickly signed it, much to Chamberlain's satisfaction. Of course, the British Prime Minister, who was kept in the dark, did not know that Hitler and Mussolini had already agreed at the Munich Conference that when the time came, they would fight "side by side" against Britain.
Chamberlain returned to London "victoriously", and Daladier also returned to Paris. A triumphant Chamberlain greeted the crowds who flocked to Downing Street, waving the declaration he signed with Hitler. They shouted to him "Bravo Neville!" and "Because he's such a good person." Chamberlain smiled broadly and said a few words to them while standing on the balcony of the third floor of No. 10 Downing Street.
"My good friends," he said, "for the second time in the history of our country, a glorious peace has been brought back from Germany to Downing Street. I believe it is the peace of our time." "From now on. , peace for an entire generation has been guaranteed." He waved the "Anglo-German Declaration" and shouted from the balcony: "I believe this is the peace of our time... I suggest you go to sleep peacefully!"
The Times declared, "No conqueror ever returned victorious from the field with more noble laurels." There was a spontaneous movement to raise a "National Thanksgiving Fund" in Chamberlain's honor, but , he humbly declined. Only Lord Admiralty Dave Cooper resigned. In the ensuing debate in the House of Commons, Winston Churchill, who was still in opposition at the time, said in a memorable speech: "We have suffered a complete and complete defeat." However, as he later recalled, He was forced to stop and wait until the storm of protest subsided before he could continue.
The mood in Prague was certainly very different. At 6:20 in the morning on July 30, the German Charge d'Affaires called the Czech Foreign Minister Dr. Krofta out of bed and handed him the text of the Munich Agreement and a request for Czechoslovakia to send two representatives to participate in the "International Committee" in the afternoon. Invitation to the first meeting in Berlin at 5 o'clock. This international committee is responsible for overseeing the implementation of the agreement.
President Benes spent the entire morning in Hradshin Palace discussing the future of the Czech Republic with political and military leaders. Not only did Britain and France abandon his country, they would support Hitler's use of force if he rejected the Munich conditions. At 12:50 p.m., Czechoslovakia surrendered. The official communiqué issued to this end stated that it surrendered "in protest to the whole world." The new prime minister, General Sirovy, angrily explained in a broadcast to the Czech people at 5 p.m.: "We have been abandoned, we are alone."
Perhaps, the current President Beneš is reminded of the Austrian Chancellor Schuschnigg some time ago. When Austria was annexed, the surrounding countries, including Czechoslovakia, chose to stand aside, but President Benes did not expect that it would be his country's turn so soon.
Although the Czech Republic is sympathetic, only interests in this world can make politicians excited, and everything else is dispensable. Britain and France have been putting pressure on Czechoslovakia, so on this day, the ministers of Britain, France and Italy I met with Dr. Crofta to find out for sure whether the Czechs would oppose surrender at the last minute. Crofta said meaningfully, "We have been forced into this situation; now it is all over, today it is our turn, tomorrow it will be someone else's."
Maybe he was right, and Germany's revenge would come to Britain and France sooner or later, but at least for a short time, Europe had achieved peace, as Chamberlain hoped. Soon, after threatening to take military action against the isolated Czechoslovakia, the Poles and Hungarians, who had already been in contact with Germany, took advantage of the situation like hungry eagles eating carcasses, and each got a piece of land.
That’s it for today, sorry.