Chen Chen knew that the so-called Great Filter Theory of Civilization was actually an explanation of the Fermi Paradox.
In 1950, when North American physicist Fermi was discussing the issue of flying saucers and aliens with someone, he once asked: "Those aliens, where are they?"
This question, to ordinary people, is just a statement of curiosity about the unknown and imagination about the vast universe. However, in the mind of this Nobel Prize winner, it presents a reality that is terrifying to think about -
Looking at the data of the entire universe, the range of the universe that humans can observe is 12.7 billion light-years, and the age of the universe is 13.62 billion years (an error of 120). There are more than 100 billion outer galaxies in the entire universe, and the Milky Way is only the home of all living beings. First, it is like a grain of sand on a beach, or even worse.
On such a macro scale and in the long river of time, why have we humans not discovered the existence of other alien life
This question may be a bit general, so after research, scientists decided to refine the problem more precisely. First, they considered the unbreakable nature of the speed of light, and the nearest galaxy to the Milky Way is 3 million light-years away, so external factors were not considered. The existence of life in the river system.
Secondly, some people always believe that the life forms in the universe are not limited to carbon-based life, so other types of life may exist, but humans are not aware of it. In particular, many people will give examples of the most commonly known "silicon-based life" This example.
However, judging from the fact that life is at least a complex individual that selectively exchanges matter with the surrounding environment, and the entire universe does not have an environment other than basic physics, that is to say, the basic laws of the entire universe are unified by the four elements. The large fundamental force, as well as the composition of atoms, protons, electrons, etc., are also arranged in the same periodic table. Therefore, the only element that can give birth to life is the most stable carbon element.
The carbon element has a structure of 4 electrons in the outermost layer, which is equivalent to having four hands. Each hand can grab another atom, and can even hold hands with other carbon atoms to form four stable covalent bonds. This It is already the limit of the number of elements that can form chemical bonds.
It is true that silicon is the easiest element to give birth to life in the entire universe, except for carbon. However, the number of electrons outside the core of silicon atoms is one more than that of carbon atoms, and the electromagnetic force is weaker. In terms of the competitiveness of the birth of life, it is basically impossible. Not as good as carbon-based life.
Carbon is like a courtesan, attracting various atoms to combine with it, and the types of compounds it can form with other elements are almost unlimited.
Therefore, it can be said that if there are indeed other forms of life in the universe besides humans, then 90% of them are carbon-based, 9% are silicon-based, and the remaining 1% are other forms of life.
Therefore, after compressing the issue of life in the universe to the scale of the Milky Way and the carbon base, we will get this data - the Milky Way is about 12.5 billion years old, 2,000 light-years thick, 160,000 light-years in diameter, and has about 1,000 planets inside. There are billions of stars like the sun, and countless planets.
If the emergence of human beings is a miracle in the universe, then no matter how small the data of this miracle is, it will be surprisingly large when placed in a star with the scale of the Milky Way.
Based on the current knowledge of physics, chemistry, biology, cosmology and sociology, scientists believe that at the rate of development of human science and technology, if there is an alien civilization that is only 10,000 years earlier than the development of the earth, then its traces will now be The Milky Way should have been filled with it a long time ago. In fact, the Milky Way today should have been filled with interstellar civilizations that are colonizing everywhere.
But the fact is that except for some rumors, humans can't find any strong evidence of the existence of aliens on earth today. Even radio telescopes can't find the slightest sign of alien spacecraft or alien projects...
So, this goes back to Fermi’s previous question, where are those aliens
This question has become the classic "Fermi Paradox" and is still talked about in the scientific community.
But at this moment, when the video ended, Chen Chen showed a sullen expression as if he had been fooled.
Little
"No, I completely agree with his point of view."
Chen Chen nodded, then showed a strange look, "But what he said is all something I already know. Strictly speaking, his entire video only reminded me that human beings will encounter crises. Apart from that, in It all looks like farts to me!”
Little X immediately scratched his head, showing a puzzled look.
"If you just listen to what he said, it is indeed very bluffing. It is also a civilized filter and a U disk butterfly effect. But in fact, I know everything he said. What I really want to know, he didn't say a word. carry."
Chen Chen spread his hands, "What is the Great Filter Theory of Civilization? It is actually one of the explanations of the Fermi Paradox. A man named Robin Hanson proposed this concept. He divided the evolution from life to civilization into 9 stages, starting from a suitable planetary system, to the birth of self-replicating molecules, to single-cell life, sexual reproduction, multi-cell life, animals, to the stage we are currently in, and the final stage is interstellar colonization …”
"In other words, he believes that human civilization is currently in the eighth stage of the Great Filter, and the final interstellar colonization stage will only have one thing missing - controllable nuclear fusion."
"Controllable nuclear fusion, have we achieved it?"
Little X shouted quickly.
"Yes."
Chen Chen nodded, "Someone once calculated that even if all the chemical energy of the earth is used, it will not be able to support humans from flying from the solar system to the nearest Centaur galaxy within a few decades. This shows that the energy provided by chemical fuels is It is very poor, and its existence is at most a transitional product of mankind, while controllable nuclear fusion should be the initial energy system for mankind to enter space."
After hearing this, Xiao It took tens of thousands of years for science to be born. In such a long history, as long as a devastating disaster occurs, human civilization may be interrupted."
"So, if the Great Filter did not exist, then life would have mushroomed everywhere, and there would have been a large number of civilizations leading humans, and aliens would have found the Earth long ago. Not only that, even I am now can do it."
Chen Chen nodded. He knew that the reason why Xiao X said this was because with Xiao X's current ability, he could already make his own von Neumann detector.
A von Neumann probe, a self-replicating probe designed to replicate itself using raw materials found in any star system and explore the universe, is named after mathematician John von Neumann.
All functions of this kind of detector are based on existing human technology. However, because of its self-replicating characteristics, according to scientists’ calculations, it would only take one million years for humans to build such a detector. Detectors can also cover the entire galaxy.
Then it can be inferred to prove that since we have not discovered any von Neumann detectors of other civilizations so far, can it be proved that there are no civilizations in the Milky Way, or that there are no civilizations that are more than one million years old than humans
"So there must be something like a big filter that blocks the bustle of civilizations."
Xiao X finally concluded.
"That's indeed what you said."
Chen Chen replied, "That's why I said everything Zhao Shanhe said was fart. The big filter in his mouth was obviously something else, but it didn't explain what it was. If it wasn't fart, what was it?"
"Not only that, the Gaia he talks about and the so-called disaster that the earth is targeting human civilization are actually just a very common immune response."
Chen Chen continued, "The metaphysical point of view is that the earth treats humans as alien elements. The proliferation and behavior of humans harm the health of the earth. The earth does not like to accommodate so many humans, so it releases viruses to kill humans and maintain the health of the earth." The balance of the biosphere, Marburg virus, Sudanese Ebola virus, Zaire Ebola virus, are the strongest forces displayed by nature.”
"To put it bluntly, it is actually human development that destroys the ecological balance, which leads to changes in the earth's environment. These immune responses, including viruses and natural disasters, are actually the chain reactions that occur after the ecological balance is destroyed."
"Ah, it's such a trap."
Following Chen Chen's guidance, Xiao X slowly came to his senses.
"Not only that, he mentioned that he was going to go to the movie "Foreign Evil" and that USB flash drives will have an impact on reality. These are also things that I already know, even the two words 'meme' and 'antimeme' He didn’t explain this concept to me at all, he just said the name.”
Chen Chen sneered and said, "In short, it seems that he told me a lot, but actually when I think about it carefully, he didn't say anything at all. In the whole article, there is only a warning about the so-called 'Great Filter of Civilization'."
"Even this warning can be understood by the law of large numbers - in the large number of repeated occurrences of random events, there is often an almost inevitable pattern. This pattern is the law of large numbers. In layman's terms, it means that under constant conditions, repeated After many experiments, the frequency of random events is close to its probability. Chance contains some kind of inevitability... As human civilization develops, it will inevitably encounter various accidents and crises. This is something you can think of with your feet. fact."
Xiao The first test of destruction, and the shadow of nuclear war has been hanging over mankind since the late last century, and it does not end even today, and as mankind’s technology becomes more and more advanced, nuclear weapons are just the beginning?”
"Yes, nuclear weapons are just the beginning. They will be followed by genetic weapons, biochemical weapons, anti-matter weapons, and even memetic weapons that we are beginning to come into contact with... These weapons make human civilization likely to be destroyed by weapons of its own making at any time. , just like those U disk planes we entered, there is inevitableness in accident."
"Is this the truth about the destruction of all human planes in the USB flash drive?"
Xiao X was suddenly shocked.
"These are just my guesses, and they are definitely not entirely correct."
Chen Chen shook his head, "But it's better than this guy's half-empty explanation."
"Perhaps the 'Great Filter of Civilization' he talks about is not such an abstract concept, but a higher-level weapon similar to memetic technology or even the law of cause and effect?"
Little X suddenly reminded.
"That's also possible as you said."
Chen Chen pondered for a while, silently wrote down Xiao The last words left before "Black Hole Surface" were to send a warning to the second USB flash drive holder. However, he did not expect that he would eventually fail and merge with the antimeme. Instead, in order to regain his body, So he changed his mind and came to harm me."
"The second possibility is that he went to the "Black Hole Surface" plane in order to become one with the antimeme, and this video is another trap, just like the four horror movies he put in the USB flash drive It's the same, but before I could trigger it, he was eliminated by me."
Having said this, Chen Chen took a deep breath and said, "I personally prefer the second option, because the first option may not explain why he included four horror movies."
"However, it is very simple to verify the specific situation. X, now that we know his name, you can try to search for information about Zhao Shanhe from the entire World Wide Web. If he is really the inverse model Because, after he was killed by me at this time, there should be clues about him on the Internet."
"clear."
Little
This sweep lasts for several hours.
Four hours later, Xiao
"Take it and see!"
Chen Chen said quickly.
Suddenly, a webpage appeared in the void in front of Chen Chen. The year of the webpage was 1988, and there was a photo of a file on the webpage.
The webpages of that era could be said to be extremely rudimentary. Even the photos above were in black and white. Only the words Zhao Shanhe, a graduate of the 1988 class, and Wang Xi, a graduate tutor, were written on them.
On the right side of this file is a photo, which looks exactly like the man in the video just now, but he looks much younger.
Seeing this, Chen Chen's eyes suddenly showed a hint of shock.
Zhao Shanhe, like himself, is a student of Jiaotong University!