Therefore, Marin decided to jointly open five aristocratic schools with the church in five cities across the country—Aurich, Emden, Leer, Norden, and Denburg, to cultivate the military literacy and military qualities of those aristocratic and military children from an early age. ability. As for the children of merchants, although they are in the same school, Marin decided to open classes separately to prevent these people from mixing with the children of nobles.
Because the children of businessmen inevitably have the habit of being a philistine. It would be very bad if the infection was transmitted to the children of nobles and soldiers. Therefore, Marin only counts as separate classes for those businessmen's children, and even plans to set up a separate branch campus. Although they are all students of noble schools in name, Marin does not intend to let them have too much contact with noble children and military children.
Moreover, considering that there are 10,000 regular troops in the country, it would be too scary if their children and brothers were eligible to go to school. Therefore, in the end, Marin only allowed the children of officers at the captain level and above to enter noble schools. At the same time, the sons or brothers of former soldiers who died in battle are also eligible to enter the school. In this way, the overflow of the number of noble schools is avoided. Otherwise, the family members of 10,000 soldiers will all come to school. That number is much larger than the population of Aurich... and the number of officers is very limited. Marin's 10,000 army has only 400 squads and 40 companies in total, plus logistics On the other hand, the total number of officers is only a few hundred. Among them, many young military officers have no children, or their brothers have grown up and do not meet the school age (the school has strict regulations on the age of students admitted). In this way, 5 schools can still be accommodated.
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As for the children of serfs, Marin hoped to use them too. However, it is too challenging for the children of serfs to receive the same education as the children of nobles. After all, in the eyes of the nobles, the lives of serfs are worthless, and they cannot be compared with them... If Marin forced the children of serfs into noble schools, it would cause a strong reaction from the nobles...
In the end, Marin thought of a compromise—that is, to set up a craftsman school separately, in the name of cultivating serf craftsmen, to set up a school to train serf children.
In the artisan school, students mainly study the Bible, mathematics and artisan basics. At the same time, there is also simple military training. Of course, this kind of military training is used to train soldiers, and serf children do not learn military command knowledge.
In the third grade of elementary school, Marin would eliminate most of the serf students who did not study well and let them go home to farm or find their own way out. The remaining few people are all smart children who passed the exam. Then, at the secondary school level, these people are taught subjects such as physics and chemistry. Of course, it was not the complete middle school physics and chemistry that Marin had learned in his previous life, but the abridged version of physical chemistry based on his religious background, so as not to conflict with the teachings of the church.
When they finish their middle school knowledge, the most outstanding group of people will enter the university that Marin will open in the future, continue their studies, and hand them over to Ada for training, striving to become scientists. The others, on the other hand, all became craftsman apprentices and trained in the direction of senior technicians.
Marin established a craftsman school to train craftsmen, and most people would not have any objections. Because although artisans are richer than ordinary people, their social status is not high. Moreover, the most important thing is that training serfs into craftsmen does not violate the interests of the aristocracy. So, no one will object.
As for the objections of those original craftsmen and handicraft guilds, would Marin care about them? He dared to massacre nobles, let alone people from handicraft guilds? If someone dares to jump out, he doesn't mind the blood on the butcher's knife again...
In fact, Marin is not very satisfied with those master craftsmen. These people are the main force of the European bourgeoisie in this era, and they are also the group of people who love to rebel the most.
The craftsmen trained by the Marin School signed a lifetime contract with Marin's Hoffman royal family from the day they entered school, prohibiting them from leaving. Therefore, they are all considered Marin's lifelong subordinates, and it is unlikely that they will leave or leak secrets. Moreover, their identities can also be regarded as serf craftsmen, under the full control of Marin. Such a person will not oppose the lord at every turn like those citizen craftsmen. Moreover, Marin would add brainwashing lessons in school since he was a child, and teach them to be loyal to the lord every day... When they grow up, they will be as fanatical and loyal as the people of the dynasty. If they see members of the Hoffman family, they may Tears filled with excitement...
When they grow up and become the main force of technology, Marin will slowly let them replace the rebellious citizen class and make these people the main force in the city. In this way, the stability in the city will be greatly improved...
Thinking of this, Marin smiled happily...
Afterwards, Marin signed a document to open 5 aristocratic schools in 5 cities, and at the same time opened 20 simple craftsmen schools in rural areas to train and select engineering talents from the people...
First of all, Marin will arrange an engineering team to build the school building. The five aristocratic schools in the city must all be well-built houses with good facilities. As for the teacher, I will definitely invite you to come.
As for the 20 artisan schools in the countryside, you have to do whatever you want, as long as there is a shelter from the wind and rain. After all, the children of serfs were not too demanding. It is not bad to give them the opportunity to read and write. Moreover, this can also save Marin a lot of costs. As for the teachers of the artisan school, Marin plans to send some literate artisans to serve as them. When conditions permit in the future, let a professional teacher teach...
At the same time, in order not to challenge the social order, Marin's school temporarily only accepts boys, not girls. After all, according to Catholic doctrine, a woman is only created by taking a rib from a man, so she has no status. If Marin's school admits girls, there may be an uproar in the world, making him the target of everyone's attacks.
Moreover, only recruiting boys, not girls, can also save half of Marin's expenses...
As for the children of ordinary soldiers, Marin plans to send them to artisan schools for education, but they are divided into separate classes. Their tasks are different from those of serf children, and they focus on military education. After they graduate, they will not immediately become officers, but because they have a certain military foundation, if they make meritorious service, they can be promoted to grassroots officers. Of course, if some of them are interested in craftsmen, they can also apply for transfer to the craftsman class...
However, while promoting education, Marin encountered a very troublesome problem—that is, the problem of paper...
In this day and age, paper is very expensive. The current papermaking technology in Europe was passed down from the Yuan Dynasty. The raw materials for papermaking are rags, fishing nets, etc., which are equivalent to the level of Cai Lun's era...
However, materials such as rags and fishing nets are limited. Europeans are generally poor in this era, and even rags will be fully utilized by the poor. Broken fishing nets will be mended and mended again, and they will not be thrown away until they are completely broken.
Therefore, papermaking raw materials are actually quite difficult to obtain, which also makes paper expensive. Wait until the Qianlong period, that is, at the end of the eighteenth century, when French missionaries secretly learned new papermaking techniques in China and mailed them back to Paris, Europeans will make greater breakthroughs in papermaking technology and reduce costs. a lot of.
At the moment, European paper is expensive, and the price of 100 sheets of 16-carat paper is as high as 1 gold coin (equivalent to 1.14 taels of silver). In other words, the price of a piece of paper is as high as 0.6 Finney. Ordinary people work for only 2 pfennigs a day, which is only enough to buy more than 3 sheets of paper...
And a book needs dozens of sheets of paper at will, and more than 100 sheets for thicker ones. If you distribute books, exercise books, and draft paper to every child, the cost will be too high...
Marin thought for a while, and finally decided—in noble schools, every child is given a book, but instead of exercise books and scratch paper, each child is given a small blackboard. Teachers teach lessons, also use a big blackboard and write with chalk. The blackboard can be used repeatedly, and the cost is low. The only trouble is that the teacher will be very tired if he has to correct the homework, because what he reads is not an exercise book, but a small blackboard...
As for the artisan school in the countryside, Marin decided to let several children share a book and also use a small blackboard for homework. Even, you can use a sand table that does not consume chalk... In short, how to save money...
After all, there are so many children in the country, even if you use chalk, it will be a big expense...
Yue Fei can write on the sand, why can't these serf children? Writing on the sand table can be done by just looking for a branch, which is really convenient and low-cost...
Of course, these are all ways out of desperation. In the future, Marin still intends to fully use books. Before that, however, the cost of papermaking needs to be addressed...
Marin has read many time-travel novels, so he knows papermaking technology. The papermaking process is not difficult, the difficulty lies in obtaining the pulp. As long as there is pulp, the papermaking process can be easily solved by any paper craftsman.
In this era, European man-made paper only used materials such as rags, fishing nets and hemp leather, which were difficult to find and expensive. At the same time, the Chinese people used the method of mashing bamboo or wood into pulp in lime ponds, which took more than a hundred days.
Naturally, Marin will not use the above two methods. He knows two modern methods of obtaining pulp-one is to use a machine to scrape the wood into fine fibers, and then boil it into pulp. However, Marin has no machinery, so naturally he would not adopt this method.
The other is chemical pulping, which is to chop or smash the wood into small pieces, put them in a sealed high-pressure container, and boil them with caustic soda or sodium sulfate (glauber's salt), so that it can be pulped in one or two days. Cook the pulp within days. Unlike the ancient method used by Huaxia, it takes more than a hundred days to soak the raw materials, which is a waste of time.
There is no caustic soda Marin, but Glauber's salt is there. Because there are more of these things in the Middle East, and most of them are randomly picked up by Arabs from saline lakes in the desert. Some saline lakes can pick up soda ash, while others can pick up Glauber's salt...
As long as enough Glauber's salt is purchased, large-scale chemical pulping can be done to produce paper in large quantities. Moreover, the paper produced by chemical pulping is of good quality, better than that produced by physical pulping.
However, there are more heavily polluted wastewater from chemical pulping. But what's the problem? Marin knows that North America is full of forests, as long as the paper mills are brought to North America...
There are so many towering trees in North America, Marin plans to cut down the oak to make ships, and the cedar to make paper. In short, make full use of the big trees in the virgin forests of North America... As for the pollution and non-pollution, who cares
With a lot of cheap paper, Marin was able to promote education for all. Moreover, he also plans to start a newspaper as his mouthpiece, and by the way help himself boast...
The great development of science and technology in Europe actually took place only after the emergence of advanced papermaking technology in the mid-19th century. Because paper is cheap, scientific and cultural knowledge will spread rapidly, and more and more scientists will appear.
Mechanical pulping appeared in 1840, while chemical pulping appeared in 1851. After that, European technology began to take off with the support of a large number of books. By the late 19th century, Europe had fully entered the era of industrialization.
Therefore, the development of papermaking is crucial to the development of human beings. Of course, before that, Marin let the students use the small blackboard and sand table first. But first, Malin had to start a chalk factory and figure out how to make good quality chalk...