According to legend, when Zhuge Kongming fought the enemy, he piled up chaotic rocks into stone formations, and divided them into eight gates according to Dunjia: Xiu, Birth, Injury, Du, Jing, Death, Shock, and Open. There are many changes, and you can be a hundred thousand elite soldiers.
As for future generations, those who are proficient in this battle are very rare.
According to the "Shu Zhi Zhuge Liang Biography" in the "Three Kingdoms": "Liang deduced the art of war and made eight formations." Later generations tested his remains and painted them into graphics.
According to records, there are three relics of the Bazhen map: "Shuijing_Mianshuizhu" is said to be in Mian County, Shaanxi Province, east of Zhuge Liang's tomb in the southeast;
"The Story of the World" is said to be on the bank of the Nanjiang River in Kuizhou, Sichuan.
"Ming Yi Tong Zhi" is said to be in Moumi Town, thirty miles north of Xindu County, Sichuan.
There is also the "Eight Forms of War after the Wind" The picture is divided into nine pictures, one is eight frontal pictures, and the other eight are eight formations, namely: sky-covered formation, ground-borne formation, wind and rising formation, cloud hanging formation, dragon flying formation, tiger wing formation, Bird Xiang array, snake pan array. A text description is attached next to the picture, detailing the tactical application of each formation to attack and retreat under special circumstances.
According to "Historical Records", Fenghou was a general of Xuanyuan Huangdi.
The "Eight Formation Map of Yunyan Official Wind", a stele of the Tang Dynasty military strategist and Changzhou governor Duguji remaining at Yunyan official site in Mixian County, Henan Province, records in detail the deeds of Huangdi Hefenghou's research and creation of "Eight Formation Map".
Zhuge Liang advocated Legalism and Huang Lao's thoughts, and at the same time was proficient in Yi-learning. The essence of Zhouyi is to regard the sky, earth, and human as a whole, and to connect things of different qualities and different states together to explore the laws of its operation.
Zhuge Liang paid great attention to the comprehensive investigation of heaven, earth, and man when he ruled the country and used troops. He wrote in "Jiangyuan·Intelligent Use": "Success in the sky, in accordance with the time, and in accordance with the people to win." He emphasized that an excellent general should "know astronomy, observe personnel, and geography, within the four seas," See it like a room at home".
"There are three powers of the husband's army: One is the sky, the second is the earth, and the third is the man. The person of the sky, the sun and the moon are clear, the five stars are combined, the comet is not bad, the atmosphere is harmonized. The terrain, the city is steep, the flood is thousands of miles. , Shimen secluded cave, sheep intestines are swollen. People who are powerful, the main saints and generals, the three armies are courtesy, the soldiers use their lives, and the food is strong. The good generals, because of the time of the sky, the power of the place, and the benefit of people, Then those who are directed to are invincible, and those who are attacked are absolutely perfect."
This is the full play of the thought of integrating heaven, earth and man in Zhouyi.
Judging from the related works of Zhuge Liang handed down from the world and the studies of Huang's family, it not only involves the theory of Yi, but also reveals Zhuge Liang's proficiency in the divination of hexagrams.
For example, the "Yin Fu Jing Annotation" says: "The sky hangs the elephant, the saint is it, pushes the armour, draws gossip, examines the tortoise, checks the calendar, then the feelings of ghosts and gods, the principle of yin and yang, reveals the flat image, everything is endless. The gossip is The image is used for application, 60 Jiazi, and then used, the spirit goes out of the ghost, and it will be 10,000 Ming." The so-called "the image of the eight trigrams, apply for the application" refers to the method of occupancy in the Book of Changes.
The "Three Kingdoms·Shu Zhi·Zhuge Liang Biography" records: "Brightness is longer than ingenuity, the profits and losses are continuous, the wooden ox and the horse are all unexpected; the deduction of Qiu method and the eight formations are salty."
As a battle formation and troop deployment map in ancient wars, Zhuge Liang's original "Eight Array Diagram" is not seen today, but there are legends about the so-called "Eight Array Diagram" at the site of Zhuge Liang's military training.
Li Daoyuan's "Shui Jing Zhu · Jiang Shui" stated that this kind of "pattern" is based on fine stones. There are three places: one is in Mian County, Shaanxi; one is in Fengjie, Chongqing; one is Xinfan in Sichuan, especially the most famous in Fengjie. Fengjie was originally Guyufu County, and its governing place was in the East Baidi City of Fengjie. During the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei was renamed Yongan, and Tang was renamed Fengjie. Zhuge Liang's "Eight Formation Turret" is rumored to be on the South River Beach of Yong'an Palace. According to the records of Li Jian’s Taibai Yinjing and Li Jing’s Questions and Answers in the Tang Dynasty, the eight formations were named after the sky, earth, wind, cloud, dragon, tiger, bird, and snake. Array.
The Chinese Army consists of sixteen small formations, and the surrounding eight formations are each composed of six small formations, a total of 64 small formations. In the eight formations, the sky, earth, wind, and cloud are the "four elements", and the green dragon, white tiger, suzaku, and snake are the "four odds".
In addition, there are still twenty-four formations placed in the rear for maneuvering purposes.
The characteristics of the eight formation map, as pointed out in Li Jing's "Question and Right", are "the big formation covers the small formations, the big camp covers the small camps, the corners are connected with each other, twists and turns are opposite", and "the inner circle and the outer square"; and its conception, It is inseparable from Zhouyi.
The arrangement of the eight formations is actually a "Wenwang Eight Diagrams Location Map", that is, the "Houtian Eight Diagrams Map".
Each of the eight formations is composed of six small formations, which means six lines in the Book of Changes. The eight formations plus the sixty-four small formations of the Chinese army are consistent with the sixty-four hexagrams of the other hexagrams in the Zhouyi.
As for the strange and correct method of the eight-array diagram, that is, "the strange is also the right and the right is also the strange and the strange, and the cycle is endless" as mentioned in Du Muzhi's "Sun Tzu's Note". Specific applications in the array.
There are also the "Eight Formation Map Villages", which are located in Dalushu and Xiaolushu Villages in the southeast of Jintan Rulin Town, but after hundreds of years of vicissitudes, the "Eight Formation Map Villages" have long been completely different.
The "Eight Array Diagram" created by Zhuge Liang absorbed the permutation and combination of Itian and Taoist gossip, compatible with astronomy and geography, and was a rare battle formation.
The "Genealogy of Zhuge's Genealogy" of Prudence Hall contains the poem hymn of "Eight Arrays with High and Magical Uses and the Famous Eight Arrays".
Praise for the Heavenly Formation: The Heavenly Formation is sixteen, the outside is round and the four is the wind. Its image is heaven, the leader of the formation, and the first of the soldiers. Make good use of the three armies, their form is not partial.
The ground-carrying array praises: the 12th ground array, its shape is square, the cloud dominates the four corners, it is difficult to attack the enemy, its body is unpredictable, it can be used infinitely, and it is independent.
The wind praises: the wind has no shape, it is attached to the sky, and it becomes a snake. Its meaning is gradually mysterious.
Cloud hanging array praise: The cloud is attached to the ground, and it becomes invisible at the beginning, and becomes a flying bird. Its shape is complete. The bird can stand out, the cloud can be obscure, change in ever-changing, and the sound of golden leather.
Long Fei formation praise: the world rushes back, the dragon changes into it, with claws and feet, back and chest. The potential is unpredictable, the movement is endless, the formation is impressive, and the name is dragon.
Tiger wing array praise: the world rushes forward and becomes a tiger wing, and the tiger will fight and prosper its might. When Huaiyin used it, it became Promise, and the meeting of Gaixia was unpredictable for Lu Gong.
Birds flying array praise: Birds of prey will fight, they must soar first, and they are in the sky, and the birds are terminus. After the trial, there must be slander, one man assaults, and the three armies do not.
Snake Pan Array Praise: The wind is a snake pan, it is attached to the sky, it is surrounded by potential energy, and the performance is flexion and extension. Among the Four Wonders, the tiger is next to each other, and then it becomes Changshan, end to end in trouble.
The composition of the "Eight Formation Diagram" is based on the four grounds of Qiankun Xungen, which is the front line of heaven and earth, as the righteous soldier.
The northwest is dry land, and the dry land is the sky array. The southwest is Kundi, and Kun is the ground formation. The land in the southeast is the Sundanese dwelling, and the Sundanese are wind gusts. The land in the northeast is the Genju, the mountain is the mountain, the mountains and the clouds are the cloud formations, and the water, fire, gold and wood are the four strange formations of dragons, tigers, birds, and snakes, which are used as strange soldiers.
The formation is the green dragon formation on the left, the white tiger formation on the right, the Suzaku bird formation in the front, and the Yuanwu snake formation in the back.
The eight formations are also placed in the general formation, the total formation is eighty-eight sixty-four formations, plus 24 formations of the upper reaches. The total array of Yin and Yang has 32 arrays, Yang has 24 arrays, and Yin has 24 arrays.
The twenty-four guerrilla formations, after the sixty-fourth formation, all marches, formations, battles, doubts, vacancies, and logistics are all guerrillas.