Wang Shouren, young name Yun, word Bo'an, name Yangming, posthumous posthumous title, Wang Yangming. Han nationality, a native of Yuyao County, Shaoxing Prefecture, Zhejiang Chengxuan.
The most famous thinker, educator, writer, calligrapher, philosopher, and military strategist in the Ming Dynasty. He went to Nanjing Military Department Shangshu, Nanjing Metropolitan Procuratorate Zuodu Yushi, and was named Xinjian Bo for his military merits such as the suppression of the Chenhao Rebellion. .
Wang Shouren is a master of Lu Wang Xinxue. Not only is he proficient in the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism, he is also a rare almighty Confucian in history.
Wang Yangming was born in the Chenghua years. At this time, political corruption, social turmoil, and academic decline, Yang Mingzi tried to turn the tide and save people's hearts. He invented "the science of mind and body", advocated the teaching of conscience, and cultivated the benevolence of everything.
Wang Yangming is not only a master of Song Ming’s Xinxue, but also a great accomplishment in his life, so he borrowed from "Twenty-four Years of Zuo Zhuan·Xianggong"-"The Supreme Being has morality, followed by meritorious deeds, and once again speaks, although it will not be abandoned for a long time It is called the "Three Immortals."
On September 30, the eighth year of Chenghua, Mrs. Zheng was born in Yuyao in the 14th month of her gestation, and died in Nan'an on November 29, Jiajing, at the age of 57.
Wang Yangming was born in the eighth year of Chenghua of Emperor Xianzong of the Ming Dynasty. He was born in a family of scholars and officials on September 30th of the lunar calendar. His distant ancestor was the great calligrapher Wang Xizhi of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
According to legend, on the eve of his birth, his grandmother dreamed that someone would send a child from the cloud. When Wang Yangming was born, his grandfather named him Wang Yun. People from the village also called his birthplace Ruiyun Tower.
However, he couldn't speak when he was five years old. One day a high monk passed by and stroked his head and said: "What a child, it's a pity that he was born", meaning that his name "Yun" revealed the secret of his birth.
His grandfather suddenly realized that he changed his name to Shouren, after which he spoke.
His father Wang Hua, Wang Hua won the top prize in Xin Chou in the 17th year of Chenghua in the Ming Dynasty, and Wang Shouren moved to Peking with his father.
When he was ten years old, his father's high school champion, Wang Yangming went to Beijing with his father. When he passed by Jinshan Temple, his father gathered with friends. At the banquet someone suggested to do poetry to Jinshan Temple. Everyone was still thinking and meditation. Wang Yangming had already completed:
"Jinshan is as big as a fist,
Break Wei Yang's underwater sky.
Drunk leaning on the Miao Gaotai last month,
Yuxiao blows through the hole and sleeps. "All four are amazed.
Wang Hua was extremely strict with his son's family education. When Wang Shouren was a teenager, he studied literature and martial arts and worked very hard, but he liked playing chess very much and often missed his homework for this reason. Although his father repeatedly blamed him, he didn't change a bit, and in a fit of anger, he threw the chess into the river.
Wang Shouren was shocked and immediately realized that he wrote a poem to pin his aspirations:
Chess is happy all day long, and once lost by Yan Qin.
The soldiers fell into the river without saving, and the general drowned and rested.
A horse travels thousands of miles to follow the waves, like swimming in the three rivers.
The sound of a cannon sounded the earthquake, and Wolong was suddenly sorrowful.
When he was studying in Jingshi at the age of twelve, he asked the school teacher "What is the first-class thing?"
The teacher said, "Only studying to get the ranking in the imperial examination", he said at the time: "I am afraid that the first thing is not to be a sage by studying."
Despite this, he has never followed the rules since he was young, and all records say that he was "outrageous and unruly" since he was young.
For example, after the death of his mother at the age of thirteen, his stepmother treated him badly, and he actually bought the witch to tease his stepmother, making her treat him kindly ever since.
He did not study very hard, and often led his companions to play military games.
When he was young, he traveled to the border, practiced horse-riding and archery, and learned various military secrets. When meeting guests, he often used the fruit-pit arrangement as a game.
Wang Shouren was smart since he was a child and very easy to learn, but he is not only limited to the Four Books and Five Classics, but also likes other books.
The thinking is also rather quirky, and many private school teachers have never understood him.
There is a poem he made that can illustrate his thoughts:
The mountain is near the moon and the moon is small, so the mountain is bigger than the moon.
If people have eyes that are as big as the sky, the mountains and the moon are even wider.
This means that when you look at things from different angles, you can see different things. The philosophical thoughts contained therein surprised people at that time.
At that time, Wang Shouren was twelve years old. This poem was called "The House of the Moon in the Mountain", which was Wang Shouren's first poem handed down.
His father Wang Hua saw his thoughts and took him outside the Great Wall to appreciate the vastness of the desert.
It was also at that time that he saw the Mongols and also learned about the unreconcilable hatred between the Mongols and the Central Plains, these two nations with different ways of survival.
This time, Wang Shouren gave birth to the first idea to serve the country.
One day not long after, Wang Shouren went uncharacteristically to Wang Hua and solemnly said to his father: "I have already written a letter to the emperor. As long as I have tens of thousands of horses, I am willing to go out for the sake of the country. Flatter the Tartar!"
Wang Hua was silent, and it took a long time before he woke up like a dream, and finally reacted. Excitedly, he picked up the book at hand and slapped Wang Shouren with his head and face, and while he was hitting, he said, "Make you crazy! Make you crazy!"
A while after the incident, Wang Shouren said calmly: "My idea last time was unrealistic. Thank you for your father's teachings."
Wang Hua was very pleased and said with a smile: "It doesn't matter, it's good to have ambitions. As long as you study hard in the future, it won't be impossible."
"No, I won't go to send troops to fight, and now I have new ambitions."
"Oh, what do you want to do?"
"Be a sage!"
This time Wang Hua did not remain silent, and he quickly replied—a loud slap in the face.
I thought in my heart: "It's over, it's over, my fame will be destroyed in the hands of this kid."
This weird man, he referred to himself as Zhuge Liang, determined to make a career. After that, he studied hard and made great progress in his studies. Riding, shooting, and art of war are becoming more proficient.
In the twelfth year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty, he was admitted as a jinshi and was awarded the chief of the military department. At that time, the court knew that he was a scholar.
Wang Shouren served as the chief of the Ministry of War for three years. Because of his opposition to Liu Jin, the eunuch, Yu Mingzheng was forty-forty in the first year of Zhengde, and he was demoted to Guizhou Longchang Post. After going through twists and turns on the way to Longchang, Liu Jin sent someone to chase and kill him. Finally enlightened in Longchang.
In the quiet and difficult environment of Longchang, Wang Yangming reflected on his experiences over the years, day and night.
In the middle of the night, he suddenly had an epiphany. Wang Shouren believed that the rules of the operation of the world are naturally contained in the human heart-mind is reason.
Realize that "the way of a saint is self-sufficient in nature, and it is wrong to ask for reason from it."
This is "Dragon Field Enlightenment", and he wrote "Dragon Field Training Life" during this period.
Many of his disciples were puzzled by his theory of "there is no reason outside the heart, and there is nothing outside the heart". They asked him for advice: "The flowers and trees in Nanshan bloom by themselves. What does it have to do with my heart?"
He replied: "When you don't see this flower, this flower and your heart are in silence. When you look at this flower, the color of this flower will become clear for a while. You know that this flower is not outside your heart."
Seven years later, he himself narrated this slightly legendary enlightenment: Shouren’s early career, the practice of drowning in aspirations and writings, is not only a little knowledge of the right school, but suffering from the turmoil and exhaustion of public opinions. You can enter, because I want to ask all the elders and explain, I am happy to know it, thinking that the learning of the saint is here! However, in the teaching of Confucius, there are different phases, and the daily use of the measures is often lacking; it is inconsistent to go back and forth, and believing and doubting. Afterwards, he was banished from the official dragon field, living in a trapped barbarian, and tempted to endure, if he had an enlightenment, he experienced and explored, and even more cold and heat, proved the five classics and the four sons, and it was like a river and a river. Then sigh that the way of a saint is as straight as a road.
After Liu Jin was condemned, Wang Shouren served as governor of Luling County and progressed towards Shaoqing of Nantaipu Temple.
At that time, Wang Qiong was appointed as the secretary of the military department, thinking that Shouren had an inferior talent, and recommended to the court.
In the eleventh year of Zhengde, he served as the governor of Southern Jiangxi.
He went to the horse to govern the army, dismissed the horse to govern the people, and the civilians were in charge of the military talisman. He combined his literary and military strategies, worked wisely, and used troops with great speed. To suppress the peasant rebellion and peacefully settle the "Chen Hao Rebellion", he paid tribute to the book of the Ministry of War of Nanjing, and was named "Xin Hao".
In the 12th year of Zhengde, civil riots broke out in the south of Jiangxi and the mountainous areas at the junction of Jiangxi, Fujian, and Guangdong.
The mountain people relied on the mountain to retreat into caves and built their own army, with a radius of nearly a thousand miles. The local officials had no choice but to play the Ming court.
The Ministry of War recommended that Wang Shouren, who was then the Imperial Capital of You, govern Jiangxi to suppress civil upheavals.
In the first month of the thirteenth year of Zhengde, Wang Shouren pacified the Zhongrong Department of Dingchi and asked to set up Heping County and establish a county school.
In March, Shouren arrived in Jiangxi to take office. He quickly mobilized troops from the three provinces and suppressed the uprisings in Xinfeng and other places.
In July, Wang Shouren thought that the war was devastating, and the play asked the court for permission. The Ming court then delegated local military and political power to allow them to act cheaply.
In October, Wang Shouren led his troops to break through the strongest Zuoxi Lantianfeng and Xie Zhishan military villages in Chongyi County, Jiangxi, and joined forces in Zuoxi. Wang Shouren personally went to persuade the surrender.
In November, Wang Shouren sent an envoy to Zhaoan and broke through the Lantianfeng Tribe.
It was in these two years of continuous flames that he mastered the same mysterious thought-"the unity of knowledge and action".
Wang Shouren's greatest military feat in his life was the rebellion of Ning Wang Zhu Chenhao who put down Hongdu.
When Wang Shouren was about to fight against bandits in Fujian, he brought only a few people. The troops he led had just arrived in Fengcheng when Ning Wang Zhu Chenhao suddenly rebelled.
However, Wang Shouren actively prepared for the war, did not rush, deployed military rations, repaired medical equipment, and then issued a letter of indictment to the thief, announcing the crimes of King Ning, and demanding that the kings be recruited from all over the world.
At that time, Wang Shouren was the one who was most worried about, and that was Ning Wang Zhu Chenhao's troops going east and occupying the old capital Nanjing.
If Nanjing falls, King Ning will have the capital to become the emperor and at the same time occupy the land, it will not be easy to eliminate.
Wang Shouren bluffed and used false propaganda and false information to disrupt King Ning’s sight in the city, forcing him to make a wrong judgment, thinking that the various armies had formed an encirclement situation.
At the same time, using the countermeasure, ordered someone to sneak into Nanchang with wax pills, making King Ning suspicious of his subordinates' strategy of attacking Nanjing.
King Ning was really fooled. He hesitated for half a month and was at a loss. He didn't dare to send troops to attack Nanjing.
Wang Shouren took advantage of this opportunity to prepare for the defense of Nanjing, making it impossible for King Ning to attack Nanjing.
In July, King Ning led 60,000 people to capture Jiujiang and Nankang, and cross the Yangtze River to attack Anqing. At this time, Wang Shouren had already mobilized militias and peasants from all over the country to make up an army of 80,000, known as 300,000 to the outside world.
Wang Shouren summoned his subordinates to ask how to withdraw from the enemy.
Someone pointed out that Anqing should be given first aid. Wang Shouren said: "Now that Jiujiang and Nankang have been occupied by the enemy, if we cross Nanchang to rescue Anqing, we will suffer from the enemy. Now Nanchang is empty, and our army is vigorous and can break through. Hearing that Nanchang was lost, he would definitely return to his teacher to rescue him. At this time, we will meet him in Poyang Lake and we will definitely win."
Due to the previous large-scale propaganda work, it was falsely claimed that there was a large number of troops attacking the city. Nanchang did not attack. After a two-day stop, Wang Shouren sent all the generals to fight back to Nanchang's Ning Wang army. The four groups are divided into forces to advance, and all the way to ambush.
After the battle, King Ning's army was quickly divided into several parts, and then was in ambush. It was defeated and fled to the Bazi Brain area.
King Ning saw that the situation was not good, and hurriedly transferred the elite troops from Jiujiang and Nankang to attack. Wang Shouren sent a few troops to fight and take Nankang.
This battle was fought very fiercely and was a crucial one.
The official army retreated, Wang Shouren's general Wu Wending immediately beheaded the retreating people and ordered the army to fight to the death.
Finally defeated the enemy, the enemy retreated to the woodshouse area, and formed a square formation of the big ship. King Ning took out gold and silver jewelry to reward the soldiers, charged with rewarding daughters, wounded 100 gold, and demanded them to fight hard.
But the phalanx of King Ning's army was the "Lianzhou as phalanx" used by Cao Cao. Wang Shouren saw the flaws. He decided to follow the battle of Chibi and set fire to the ship.
The next day, King Ning’s group officials gathered together to hold an "early dynasty" meeting on the boat. Wang Shouren’s army killed him, used small boats to fill the grass, set fire in the wind, and burned down King Ning’s deputy boat, the palace people under the Lou family, and civil and military officials. Diving one after another.
King Ning’s flagship ran aground and was unable to move. He hurriedly changed to a small boat to escape, but was caught by Wang Yangming’s men. Other civil and military ministers of King Ning also became prisoners.
Soon, Nankang and Jiujiang were also captured by the official army.
The King Ning's rebellion was completely subsided, and there were only thirty-five days before and after. Because of this, Wang Shouren was called the "Da Ming Army God".
Later, when Wuzong of the Ming Dynasty set off under the pseudonym of "Zhu Shou, the general commander of the military affairs mighty general of the governor," Jiang Bin wanted to be unruly and instigated Wuzong to fight a battle with King Ning and personally captured it.
Wang Yangming treated the eunuch Zhang Yongdong with affection and reason, indicating that doing so would kill more people.
The final result of the coordination is: let Ming Wuzong arrive in Nanjing, and then release King Ning to let the emperor take prisoners, and be happy.
At that time, the traitorous minister Jiang Bin made Wang Shouren surrender Zhu Chenhao for the victory of the rebellion, but Wang Shouren refused for the sake of the people.
Jiang Bin was very angry and asked Zhang Zhong to bring the Beijing army into Jiangxi, which affected social stability and caused people's rebellion several times, but they were all suppressed by Wang Shouren's personal charm.
But Zhang Zhong, the eunuch of the admiral of military affairs, thought that Wang Shouren was appointed as the chief of the military department by a scribe, and he despised Shouren. Once he ordered Shouren to shoot an arrow in public, trying to make a fool of himself.
Shouren repeatedly declined, but Zhang Zhong refused. Shouren had to lift the bow and arrow, draw the bow, brush three arrows, three rounds of red hearts, the whole army cheered, which made Zhang Zhong very embarrassed.
After that, because of fear of high merits, he resigned and returned to his hometown to give lectures, and founded academies in Shaoxing and Yuyao to preach "Wang Xue".
In Jiajing six years later, he was sent to the military affairs of Guangdong and Guangxi, and Governor Wang Shouren was to defeat the local armed forces of ethnic minorities such as Yao and Dong. Because of his merits, he was named Doctor Guanglu, Zhuguo, and Xinjian Bo. He was hereditary and had a thousand shi per year. However, neither iron coupons nor Suilu were issued. Later, due to pulmonary disease, he went back to begging. After the military service in Guangdong and Guangxi, Yangming’s lung disease worsened and he returned to begging.
When he was dying, the students next to him asked him what his last words were. He said: "This is a bright heart, so what to say!".
After his death, he was posthumously titled Wencheng, and later named Xin Hou.
Wang Shouren was a master of mind learning in the Ming Dynasty. He developed Lu Jiuyuan's doctrine to fight against the Cheng-Zhu school.
He said: "There is no good and no disgusting body, there are good and malicious actions, knowing good and evil is conscience, and removing evil for good is a matter of understanding." And this is the purpose of the lecture.
He asserted: "The truth of everything in my husband is nothing more than my heart", denying that there is reason, matter, and matter outside the heart. It is believed that for learning, “the only way to learn is to gain the heart”, “for example, the heart is rooted. The person who learns is also cultivated, the person who irrigates, and the person who supports and deletes the hoe is nothing but the root. That's it."
This kind of self-cultivation method is required to achieve the so-called "one in all things" state.
His theories of "knowledge and action unity" and "knowledge and action go hand in hand" are aimed at opposing Song Confucianism such as Cheng Yi that "knowledge before action" and various theories that separate the relationship between knowledge and action.
He talks about children's education, opposes "flashing the rope, if a prisoner is to be detained", and advocates that "it must be encouraged and centered on joy" in order to achieve "natural day-long daily life".
His doctrine appeared in an "anti-traditional" posture. After the mid-Ming Dynasty, the Yangming School was formed, which had a great influence.
He widely recruited disciples from all over the world.
After his death, although the "Wang Xue" was divided into several schools, they all came out of the same school, and each saw its own merits.
Wang Shouren is also a famous contemporary poet. He loves the mountains and rivers of his hometown very much. When he returns to his hometown, he often visits places of interest and historical sites, leaving behind many popular poems. As he wrote "Reminiscence of Longquan Mountain":
I love Longquan Mountain, and the monks are quite wild.
Sit on the well fence every day, and sometimes lie down under the pine.
Farewell to Yunshan for one night, and walk around for three years.
Ashamed to kill the rock under the spring, day and night from the clear.
Wang Shouren's footsteps also went to Xuedou Mountain in Fenghua. His poem "Xuedou Mountain" was Mingli and Xiubai.
It's hard to be alone in the poor mountain road, and you can see the stone altar when you cross a thousand streams.
The monk of the high pavilion bell ringing to sleep, there is no heat in the deep forest and Ge Yihan.
The gully thunder faintly connects the rock waterfalls, and the mountains and rains reflect the bamboo poles.
Mo is surprised that all peaks are familiar with each other, and he once looked to Paint.
Wang Shouren's life is rich in books.
He condensed the study of the mind into four sentences, namely the four tactics of the study:
There is no good and no disgusting body,
There are good and malicious actions.
Knowing good and evil is conscience,
To kill evil for good is to study things.
Wang Shouren is admired by the world, and he has a great influence in the army, in the localities, and among scholars. From his death to the present, it has only been a few years. The influence has not dissipated, but has become more and more powerful. The huge influence is indispensable to the management of his students.
As a student of Wang Shouren, Fang Xianfu is one of the important members of the "Wang Family Psychology". He represents a part of the civil service group. If he is also involved in the horse market, even the emperor will find it difficult.
The more Lu Bing thinks about it, the more headaches he gets. In a small underground horse market, more and more big people are involved.