"In the current wizarding world similar to the Middle Ages, it is difficult to use penicillin to treat infected pneumonia." Richard had this idea in his mind, "And penicillin can only kill some bacteria and has almost no effect on fungi. It is best to Discard this idea.”
So, if you don’t use penicillin, what should you use
The answer to this question is – sulfa.
Penicillin was the first antibacterial drug discovered in the world, and it is also the most widely used antibacterial drug on modern earth, but it is not the first antibacterial drug to be used in large quantities.
1930s - Penicillin was discovered, but while efforts were still underway to increase production, sulfa drugs were already used in clinical treatments as effective treatments for hemolytic streptococcal infections.
In the next decade, sulfa drugs developed rapidly, and by the 1940s, hundreds of different sulfa drugs had been produced.
In the early years of World War II (1939-1945), sulfonamides were a common drug used by the military to treat infections. The U.S. military's first aid kit contains sulfa powder and sulfa tablets. Sulfa powder can be sprinkled on wounds to inhibit infection, and sulfa tablets can be taken orally to deal with gangrene and pneumonia.
Well, pneumonia.
Sulfonamides saved the lives of many people during the war, including those of important figures such as Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr., the son of U.S. President Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill, the British Prime Minister, who suffered from pneumonia.
Therefore, no matter how you look at it, under the premise that penicillin is unreliable, sulfonamide is the real life-saving straw.
But it would be too early to say that all problems have been solved.
If you think about it carefully, sulfonamides cannot be produced casually. Otherwise, such an important thing would not have been used as a clinical treatment drug until before World War II.
The reason for this is that sulfonamide is a chemically synthesized drug and is a derivative of p-aminobenzene sulfonamide. In other words, if you want to produce it, you need to have a certain level of chemical industry.
This level would be comparable to what it was on Earth in the 1900s, because this is when the first para-aminobenzene sulfonamide derivatives were chemically synthesized.
The original synthesis was not as a therapeutic drug. People did not realize the magical effect of this thing at the beginning, but simply used it as... a dye.
Yes, dye.
Synthetic products have bright colors that are almost colorfast and are superior to all previous dyes and are widely used in the dyeing industry.
It is worth mentioning that the color of this dye is red.
Well, red.
So how did this red dye finally become a drug after decades
This mainly relies on the extremely imaginative German scientist Harder Domack.
In the autumn of 1932, Domac worked for Farben, hoping to find a drug that could specifically kill pathogenic bacteria. After some consideration, he decided to start with a bacterial dye.
Domark's logic is this: the dye can change the color of the germs, indicating that there is some special change in the internal structure of the germs. As long as we find a dye that can only change the color of specific bacteria and destroy the internal structure of the bacteria without affecting other cells, wouldn't it be an excellent specific antibacterial drug
After continuous efforts, Domac discovered the red azo dye-Bailang Duoxi from thousands of candidate azo dyes.
After research, Bailangduoxi has a strong effect on treating hemolytic streptococcus infection.
With his endless efforts, Domac saved his daughter who was suffering from streptococcal septicemia due to infection at the time, and won the 1939 Nobel Prize in Medicine.
The mechanism of Bailangduoxi is a prodrug, that is, it has no activity outside the body, but after entering the body, it can decompose into p-aminobenzene sulfonamide derivative-sulfonamide. Sulfonamides are very similar in chemical structure to para-aminobenzoic acid, which is needed for the growth of bacteria, which can lead to misleading absorption by the bacteria but will have no effect, and eventually they will die.
To be honest, the biggest effect of Bailang Duoxi is actually to inhibit bacteria, rather than kill them. This is different from penicillin.
In addition, Bailang Duoxi has a disadvantage that cannot be ignored, that is, it will cause discoloration of people's bodies after use, because it is a dye after all.
But no matter what, it is indeed a life-saving drug.
So how to get it
The way to obtain it is generally to place p-aminobenzenesulfonamide in an alkaline solution and use potassium ferricyanide or potassium permanganate to oxidize and couple amino groups as raw materials to synthesize it. Zinc powder can also be used to synthesize p-nitrobenzene sulfonamide through reductive coupling.
All in all, all in all, it's troublesome.
It is not impossible to do it, but because there is no chemical industry level corresponding to the modern earth in the early 20th century, many raw materials need to be prepared externally. The raw materials for preparing raw materials require other raw materials that do not exist.
So we need raw materials of raw materials.
What is frustrating is that the raw materials of raw materials often do not exist in nature and still need to be prepared. In the absence of a complete industrial system, we often have to face the situation that if we want to synthesize something across the ages, in addition to opportunism, To find another way, we must establish the small half of the industrial system that is lacking.
However, Richard did not have to experience this kind of inner collapse.
Because the waves are full of breath, he owns it.
Yes, he has a hundred waves and many breaths!
Red dye has high medicinal value. Isn't it what was in the box that Alex sent before
He realized the value of the dye and accepted it, but now it's time to use it.
With this thought in mind, Richard held on to his tired and weak body and walked towards the wooden frame next to him.
…
Outside the laboratory, in the yard.
Pandora stood, frowning, not understanding why Richard kicked her out. Did she do something wrong
No, she was very obedient during this period and even took the initiative to help clean the test tubes. Maybe in the process of cleaning the test tubes, a few were broken... dozens... okay, hundreds were broken, but she couldn't blame her entirely.
The test tube was slippery and difficult to hold, especially if it was stained with water and would fall to the ground accidentally. She held it with such strength so as not to break it, but she accidentally crushed it, which is completely understandable.
Or is it…
Pandora remembered the pale face of Richard she had seen before.
"Da da da… "
Pandora quickly ran to the window, held the window sill, stood on tiptoes vigorously, and looked into the laboratory.
Through the turbid glass, Pandora could see Richard frowning, drinking the strange liquid, and then forcing himself to do something, which looked very strenuous.
She should go and help.
Pandora was thinking this, and suddenly she saw Richard in the laboratory approaching the window sill, covering his mouth and nose, knocking on the irregular glass on the window, and said to her: "Be obedient and stay in the yard." Come on, don't think about coming in. Don't worry about me, I'll be fine."
"Uh-" Pandora said, let go of the window sill, and walked back to the middle of the yard, pouting and taking a gloomy walk. A long stone of more than twenty centimeters was blocking the front. Pandora kicked it away and the stone rolled out.
Suddenly, Pandora turned her head and looked at the kicked stone. Her eyes flickered, and then she turned to look at the laboratory, as if she had thought of something.
Quickly running to the stone that was kicked away, Pandora picked it up, then found another stone, held it in her hand, and tried to knock it.
"Bang bang bang..."
Pandora knocked very carefully, much more carefully than when washing the test tube, and bit by bit the long stone of more than 20 centimeters fell into pieces.
Pandora stopped tapping for a moment, tilted her head and thought for a long time, and then continued tapping.
Amidst the intermittent sounds, the long stone in Pandora's hand slowly took shape - a human shape.
In the laboratory, after taking Bailang Duoxi, Richard was undergoing other auxiliary treatments.
The sky is dark and the night continues...