In fact, the main purpose of his interjection at this time was not because Liu Yang said something "spontaneous and private" that touched the fundamental problem of the domestic agricultural model, but because he deliberately disrupted the situation.
When people speak, if they speak smoothly, their brains will continue to think along this pattern, and their words will become more fluent and clearer.
However, if you are suddenly interrupted when you are speaking smoothly, the person's thinking will come to a halt, and when you continue to speak, it will usually be out of line with what you originally said, or it may be said to be specious.
What's more, the person who interrupted Liu Yang was such a great person. It would be a miracle if this kid could still speak smoothly.
Little did he know that Liu Yang originally majored in social management when he was in school. This major involves a wide range of knowledge. Liu Yang has dabbled in social, political, financial and other aspects.
In addition, after he arrived in Huling County, faced with such a poor county with fertile land and high agricultural yields, he pondered these issues countless times.
Why does Huling County’s high agricultural yield not increase income? Why do farmers get no corresponding reward for their hard work? Wait, wait, wait, Liu Yang has been thinking.
If we want to boost the economy of Huling County, it is absolutely impossible not to pay attention to agricultural development.
The question that Zhao Zhenzhong asked today happens to be something that Liu Yang has been thinking about and discussing during this period of time, and has gradually taken shape. It's just that the conditions in Huling County are not mature yet, so he just stays in his imagination and hasn't implemented it yet.
Even if Zhao Zhenzhong doesn't ask today, Liu Yang himself will ask this uncle for advice as long as the opportunity is right. Zhao Zhenzhong took the initiative to ask, and it really tickled Liu Yang. You can't even let him talk now.
"No, that's not what I said. Please listen to me first..." Liu Yang seemed to have figured out Zhao Zhenzhong's identity at this time. He paused for a moment and then continued: "Third, it is the Israeli model. The characteristic is actually the high-tech agricultural model, represented by Singapore, Hong Kong, and Israel. Israel, which has almost no arable land, relies on science and technology to farm land. Because of the high cost, it has to rely on subsidies to survive. It is considered a "subsidy model." It really does nothing for our country. I won’t talk about the reference significance here.
"What I want to focus on is that I made some mistakes in agricultural production, and based on these wrong understandings, we introduced a series of wrong agricultural policies, which delayed the development of our agriculture. And this situation has not yet happened. Get corrected…”
How dare a small county magistrate criticize the mistakes of national policies in front of his elder brother? It’s incredible to think about it.
Hearing this, even Zhao Zhenbang couldn't help but sweat for this kid.
I think you are so brave. Not only are you criticizing the current leadership team, but you are also criticizing our old man when he was in office.
No wonder he emphasized from the beginning that this was a chat between elders and younger generations. It turned out that this kid had known for a long time that what he said was too shocking!
In order to remind him of the "mercy" he said, Zhao Zhenbang stood up, picked up the kettle, poured Liu Yang a glass of water and placed it on the coffee table in front of him.
But who would have known that this kid was suffering from a mental disorder and couldn't stop the car at all.
"Thank you!" Liu Yang stretched out his hand to block it, and allowed Zhao Zhenbang to put the tea cup in front of him without stopping, and continued: "For more than sixty years, the production relations of my country's agriculture have gone through many iterations: the most important place in rural areas is The means of production, land, has been transformed from being owned by feudal landlords to being owned by farmers, then to being owned by the state (people's communes), and now back to the collective hands of farmers (household joint production contract). The development of agriculture in our country is precisely with the These production relations are 'repeated' and 'repeated'. However, no matter how ever-changing, one fact has never changed: agriculture will only develop when the land is in the hands of farmers, and vice versa... "
"The problem is, Marx has long fully elaborated on the decadence and evils of private ownership, predicting that it will be replaced by public ownership, but why in our practice, the 'people's commune of public ownership' is not as good as the 'joint production contract of private ownership'? It's Marx Is it wrong, or is our understanding of Marx wrong?”
"Actually, the real reason is that we have always had a misunderstanding about the 'public ownership' advocated by Marx. We believe that only 'ownership by the whole people' is public ownership, Marxist and socialist; we do not attribute 'the means of production' to Ownership by workers is seen as Marx's public ownership. Even 'joint production contracting' clearly liberates the productive forces by changing production relations, but we mistakenly think that it liberates the productive forces by adjusting the distribution plan... "
"Other than that, what other problems did we have?" Liu Yang was so speechless that he didn't even see Zhao Zhenbang wink at him.
"1. Our agriculture is still a 'planned economy', but we think it is a 'market economy'. At best, our agricultural model can only be regarded as a 'planned small farmer economic model'. Because our country's agriculture is fundamentally It is a planned economy, but the production method is that of small farmers. The problem is that we still do not acknowledge this fact, which leads to the fact that most of the policies we introduce are not in line with the reality of agriculture."
"As we all know, whether an industry is marketable must meet at least three conditions, and one of them is indispensable: First, the means of production must be freely traded. For example, factory equipment and even factories should be able to be bought and sold freely; second, the price of the product is determined by the market , the state must also crack down on monopolizing market prices; third, what producers produce should be decided by the producers, not by national plans."
"However, the actual situation of my country's agriculture is: the most important means of production, cultivated land, cannot be traded freely; the most important agricultural product (grain) is priced by the state; the state strictly implements the basic national policy of 'taking grain as the key link'. More than 70% of the farmland has been designated by the state as a 'main grain-producing area' and can only grow grain, not even corn. Even in places like Shanghai, where land is at a premium, the state issues a production plan of 2 billion kilograms of grain to Shanghai every year .”
"So, the problem arises. If you treat an industry that is not a market economy and you treat it as a market economy industry, or say that production is planned and sales are market-based, it means that the government only cares about production and not sales. It means that the government has relieved itself of the responsibility of 'planned sales' that it should bear in sales. Therefore, today's farmers are facing the biggest dilemma in sales. As a result, the grain yields are high and abundant, but the prices cannot be sold. There are People may say that food is related to the national economy and people's livelihood. If the price is liberalized, a series of problems will occur. However, why can other industries set their own prices, but farmers can't? In this way, only farmers will suffer...
Hearing this, Zhao Zhenbang's heart couldn't help but tremble. From the bottom of his heart, he felt that Liu Yang's words seemed to make some sense. However, this statement cannot be accepted by someone like him who has been accustomed to hearing "orthodox" theories since he was a child.
Looking at the eldest brother, Zhao Zhenzhong, he found that the expression on his face had changed slightly, and Zhao Zhenbang's heart was in his throat.
After pondering for a moment, Zhao Zhenzhong stared at Liu Yang and asked: "According to what you said, where do you think the solution is for agriculture?"
"High-end, organized, and urbanized." Liu Yang answered without hesitation.
High-end, this is easy to understand. It’s just that many people have asserted in recent years that the development of high-end agricultural products lacks universal significance for the development of my country’s agriculture. Because they believe that the living standards of Chinese people are not high yet, and the demand for high-end agricultural products is still very limited. In fact, for a country with a shortage of agricultural products, the direction of agriculture should of course be based on output first. It made sense for our country to do this 30 years ago. But in a country where agricultural production already exceeds demand, the situation is different.
There are only 300 million urban residents in our country. Even if the average annual per capita consumption of agricultural products is 3,000 yuan, the country's total consumption is only 900 billion. On the surface, this number may seem large, but when averaged over the 1 billion rural population, the per capita income is only 900 yuan. Excluding production and distribution costs, the amount that can reach farmers is only 300 to 500 yuan. Therefore, even if farmers can produce more agricultural products, the city's consumption capacity is only so large, and the lack of purchasing power means that farmers' income cannot be increased by simply increasing production.
Unless the demand market for agricultural products is expanded. It is difficult to expand the consumption of domestic agricultural products in the short term, so we can only go to the high-end international market.
However, high-end agricultural products must at least be safe, so our high-end agricultural products cannot enter the international market. The emergence of unsafe foods such as tainted milk powder and tainted dumplings is the primary reason why our products cannot enter the international market.
Another point is that in fact, some people have long understood that producing high-end agricultural products can increase income. Why are our farmers still not rich? In addition to the flaws in the safety mechanism mentioned above, there is another more important reason, which is that our agricultural production method or agricultural production organization form is too backward.
The Japanese island country’s agricultural production method results in the profits from the circulation of agricultural products also being in the hands of farmers. Our production methods determine that the profits of our agricultural products are in the circulation link and not in the hands of farmers, so it is difficult for farmers to become rich. If the government organizes farmers' products to be sold directly to supermarkets, farmers' incomes can at least increase several to dozens of times.
Humans are social animals and are suitable for concentrated living. Therefore, urbanization is the symbol of human civilization. Urbanization can save farmland, save energy and increase employment. Urbanization can achieve low-carbon and high-quality life. Therefore, the direction of human life should be in cities.
After all, rural life damages and pollutes the natural environment several times or even hundreds of times more than in cities. In particular, too many rural people live in places that should not be inhabited at all. This is why tragedies like Yushu, Wenchuan, and Zhouqu will continue to happen again.
To stop the process of urbanization and develop rural areas is not a scientific concept of development in itself. In fact, since the reform and opening up, our most important achievement has been our urbanization process. We are already an industrial country. Because our industrial GDP has greatly exceeded agricultural GDP. It is estimated that agricultural GDP may account for less than 10% of the total GDP this year, and the number of people engaged in agriculture only accounts for less than 20% of the country's total population. Under such circumstances, why should we develop "new countryside"
With dispersed living, there is no telling how much cultivated land is wasted just on roads. It would cost at least several trillion to build a road from village to village, and hundreds of billions to build a road between groups and villages. We simply don’t have that much money!
Moreover, building new roads takes up a lot of cultivated land. Taking a step back, even if there are roads and new rural areas have been built, most of the rural population have gone to work in the cities. Who will live in the built new rural areas