I am confused, please enlighten me!
Zhu Ping'an's voice echoed in the lecture hall, in Yang Guoliang's mind, and in the minds of everyone in the lecture hall.
The way of truth is simple!
Zhu Ping'an's question was very simple, but it went straight to the heart of Yang Guoliang's theory of "the style of a king, the virtue of a concubine."
If the skin is gone, where will the hair attach to
If Yang Guoliang cannot answer Zhu Ping'an's question, then no matter how lofty and politically correct his theory is, it will be nothing but a bubble.
While Yang Guoliang was struggling to figure out Zhu Ping'an's problem, other people in the lecture hall were also racking their brains to figure out Zhu Ping'an's problem. Why did the gentleman refer to King Wen of Zhou, and the lady refer to the Zhou Dynasty and later generations? !
Bells, drums, zithers, and harps, these musical instruments were only available to the King of Zhou?!
Obviously not. The King of Zhou could use bells, drums, zithers, and harps. The nobles also used these instruments at banquets. Common people could also use these instruments at sacrifices and weddings. It was just that the different ranks meant different pomps. According to the Western Zhou ritual and music system, the King of Zhou could use eight Yi on four sides ("Yi" means "row", with eight people in each row, and eight Yi for sixty-four people), the princes could use six Yi on three sides (missing the north), the nobles could use four Yi on two sides (missing the north and east), and the scholars could use two sides (only the south) with two Yi. Common people could also use musical instruments at weddings, funerals, and sacrifices, but the number of people and pomp could not exceed that of the "Shi". When the rich people were happy, they could ask two people or themselves to play the harp or beat the drums, and that was all fine.
Then how do we explain that the gentleman and the lady refer to King Wen of Zhou and the Queen of Zhou
Everyone racked their brains and thought hard but to no avail.
"Dr. Yang, please give me some advice." Zhu Ping'an stood on the stage and bowed again.
"Lady... Gentleman..."
Yang Guoliang stood blankly on the stage, his face ashen, sweat pouring down his forehead, his palms also full of sweat, his brain seemed to be pressed down by an invisible boulder and would not function, his lips turned pale, and he muttered to himself.
A breeze blew in from the window, carrying the scorching heat from outside, into the lecture room and onto Yang Guoliang's face.
The wind was so weak that it only turned over a page of the book, but when it blew on Yang Guoliang's face, he staggered.
Is the wind too strong
Or is this hall too hot
Why do I feel like I can't stand still and am about to pass out? Yang Guoliang tried hard to maintain his balance.
"hehe."
At this moment, a burst of laughter suddenly came from the lecture room, which was full of energy, calm and confident.
Accompanied by laughter, someone stood up from under the podium.
He stood with his hands behind his back, looking down at Zhu Ping'an. He was tall and straight, like a hero standing at the center of a storm and trying to turn the tide.
His figure is so majestic.
It's him!
Ma Huating, the lecturer in the palace of Prince Jing.
When Yang Guoliang's mind went blank and he didn't know how to answer, Mr. Ma Huating stood up.
Ma Huating's laughter attracted everyone's attention. He stood up and looked at Zhu Ping'an with a mocking look on his face. He asked loudly: "Has the champion never heard of the Spring and Autumn style of writing? What is the Spring and Autumn style of writing? It is concise. The Book of Songs also uses this style a lot. What is concise? It means that the article does not mention names. The article "Guanju" does not need to use this style. The name of King Wen of Zhou is omitted, which is also to avoid the name of the monarch."
Ma Huating used two viewpoints to fight back against Zhu Pingan. One is the Spring and Autumn style of writing. Although the Spring and Autumn style of writing is famous because of Confucius, it was used before Confucius. It is just named because Confucius used this technique to write the Spring and Autumn Annals. The Spring and Autumn style of writing is concise, which can simplify names, viewpoints and opinions. The Guanju may use the Spring and Autumn style of writing, which simplifies the names of King Wen of Zhou and Queen Zhou and refers to them as gentlemen and ladies.
Another is to avoid using the monarch's name. In feudal times, in order to show their majesty, the monarch or the elders stipulated that people should avoid calling their names directly or writing their names directly in writing, and replace them with other characters. This is the case in "Guanju", which avoids the names of King Wen of Zhou and Queen Zhou, and replaces them with "gentleman" and "lady".
The writing style of the Spring and Autumn Period avoids mentioning the monarch.
hehe
What a good reason.
After Ma Huating finished speaking, he looked at Zhu Ping'an triumphantly, like a king who had just won a decisive victory.
"Yes... Sir Ma has a point."
"Master Ma, you have a good idea. The writing style of the Spring and Autumn Annals is to be concise, so it is normal to omit the names of King Wen of Zhou and Queen Zhou. In addition, avoiding the taboos of monarchs is the same now and in ancient times, so the names of King Wen of Zhou Jichang and Queen Tai Si of Zhou are not mentioned in "Guanju"."
"Yes, yes, that's right. Lord Ma has a keen eye and found the problem right away."
Ma Huating's words were like a revelation, and after he finished speaking, everyone else also understood as if they had just woken up from a dream, and they all expressed their feelings and agreed.
"Guoliang is ashamed, but fortunately, Mr. Ma has your wise advice. After class today, if Mr. Ma is free, please let's make tea and discuss "Guanju" together."
Yang Guoliang bowed earnestly to Ma Huating and invited Ma Huating to make tea and discuss "Guanju" together after class.
"Lord Yang is too concerned and therefore confused. I, Ma, am outside the situation, so I am a bystander and can see things more clearly." Ma Huating smiled modestly.
After exchanging pleasantries with Ma Huating, Yang Guoliang turned to Zhu Pingan and said, "Mr. Ma's words are Yang's words."
At this moment, Yang Guoliang felt refreshed all over, as if he had recovered from a serious illness. The cold sweat on his head, the cold sweat on his palms, the dizziness, etc., were all swept away. He felt in the best spirits and regained his demeanor of a great man.
"What do you think, Lord Zhu? Are you satisfied with my answer?" Ma Huating looked at Zhu Ping'an confidently.
"No."
Zhu Ping'an slightly curled the corners of his mouth and slowly shook his head.
"What? No?"
Yang Guoliang and Ma Huating were both shocked.
"The top scholar should respect basic common sense and not make unfounded arguments." Then, Ma Huating looked at Zhu Ping'an, slowly shook his head and said sarcastically.
"Ping'an said no just because he respects basic common sense." Zhu Ping'an replied calmly.
"Please enlighten me." Ma Huating's face darkened.
"It's not really teaching, it's just a discussion." Zhu Ping'an smiled slightly, bowed to Ma Huating and Yang Guoliang, and continued, "Master Ma just said that "Guanju" omits the names of King Wen of Zhou and Queen Zhou in the style of the Spring and Autumn Period. Please forgive me for not agreeing with it. The style of the Spring and Autumn Period is to express profound meanings in a subtle way, who, where, what, all in one word, but the subject will not be omitted. Confucius wrote "Spring and Autumn Annals" in the style of the Spring and Autumn Period, and never omitted the subject, such as 'In March, the Duke and Zhu Yifu made an alliance in Mie', 'In spring, the Duke met with the enemy in Qian', etc."
"What about avoiding the monarch? How do you explain that?" Ma Huating asked coldly.
"Guanju avoids mentioning the monarch? This is even more nonsense. Avoiding mentioning the monarch means avoiding calling the monarch by his name. If it is to avoid mentioning King Wen of Zhou, then the two words 'Ji Chang' should be avoided, not the three words 'King Wen of Zhou'. Moreover, there are two poems in the Book of Songs that mention "King Wen" directly, one is "Da Ya Daming" and the other is "Daya Si Qi". These two poems contain sentences such as "King Wen was born in the beginning, a match made in heaven" and "King Wen's mother", which clearly refer to King Wen of Zhou. Oh, by the way, these two poems are also about the marriage of King Wen of Zhou and Queen Zhou. Dr. Yang's Gewu may be more in line with the theory of 'the style of the king and the virtue of the queen' for these two poems."
Zhu Ping'an pulled the corner of his mouth, shook his head slowly, and smashed the hard evidence on Ma Huating's face one by one. Finally, he seriously suggested that Yang Guoliang study the two poems "Daya Daming" and "Daya Siqi".
It hurts, my friend!
"Ahem..."
Yang Guoliang coughed, and a fishy-sweet taste came into his throat.
Zhu Ping'an's serious look was not only glaring but also heartbreaking to Yang Guoliang...