"Zhu Zihou, you said that "Guanju" is a love story between a man and a woman, or even a folk song for matchmaking activities. What is the evidence?"
When Yang Guoliang was in trouble, Ma Huating stood up again, with a dark face, and questioned Zhu Pingan loudly and sternly. This time he adopted the method of besieging Wei to save Zhao, attacking Zhu to save Yang.
"I think that to interpret "Guanju" and "The Book of Songs", we must first look at the background of the formation of "The Book of Songs". The Zhou Dynasty ruled the country with music, and there was a special official in charge of collecting poems. Every spring, the official in charge of collecting poems would shake the wooden bell and go deep into the people to collect folk songs. The songs that reflect the people's joys, sorrows, sufferings, and life situations were collected and sorted out, and handed over to the music official - the Taishi. After the Taishi composed the music, he sang it to the Zhou emperor. Through these folk songs, the Zhou emperor understood the people's livelihood and used it as a reference for governance. Among them are songs praising ancestors, worshiping ghosts and gods, banquets and socializing by aristocrats, and also songs reflecting folk labor, love, marriage, and social customs." Zhu Ping'an smiled slightly and said slowly.
"What you said is just a commonplace, irrelevant to your argument, how can it be used as evidence? What scriptures or classics support your argument? What is the research?"
Ma Huating sneered, and like a fighting cock, he stared at Zhu Ping'an with a gloomy gaze, and began to find bones in the egg.
Didn’t you just ask Dr. Yang to verify it? Do you have it? ! Can you tell me? !
snort!
This is called giving someone a taste of their own medicine!
Ma Huating stared at Zhu Ping'an dimly, and as he said this, he seemed to let out a sigh of relief.
You are destined to be disappointed.
Zhu Pingan looked at Ma Huating, curled the corners of his lips slightly, and as soon as Ma Huating finished speaking, he slowly opened his mouth and said:
"Zhu Xi's preface to the Poetry Anthology says: 'All poems called Feng (style) are mostly folk songs, that is, songs sung by men and women to express their feelings.' Guanju comes from Nanfeng (Southern Wind), and Guanju is a folk love song, which is in line with Zhu Xi's preface. This is one of the reasons."
"The Book of Zhou Li, Earth Official, Matchmaker" says: 'Matchmakers are in charge of the marriage of all people. All men and women who have become famous have their names recorded. Men are required to marry at the age of 30 and women at the age of 20. All those who marry a wife and have children are recorded. In the middle of spring, men and women are ordered to meet at that time. Escapers are not prohibited. Those who do not obey the order without reason will be punished. Matchmakers are in charge of the marriage of men and women who have no husbands.' In the Zhou Dynasty, matchmakers were in charge of the marriage of all people. All those who marry and have children must be recorded. Why do they multiply the population? In February and March, matchmakers issued a decree to let unmarried men and women meet. This time If you disobey the government order without reason, you will be punished. This is the custom of the ancients to meet men and women in the middle of spring. During the various sacrificial ceremonies held in early February before spring plowing, men and women can also freely engage in love activities. "Zhou Li" stipulates that unmarried women must pick water chestnuts for sacrificial offerings, so in February and March, unmarried women go to the river to pick water chestnuts. This is also the time when the government orders men and women to meet, and unmarried gentlemen who "like to marry ladies" also take the opportunity to come to the river, so there is "Guanju". This is the second one. "
"If you read the Book of Songs, you will find that many love poems take place in spring, which is related to the decree in the Book of Zhou: Official of the Land: Matchmaker, and they are often described with flowers, flowing water, and birdsong."
"For example, in "Zheng Feng: There are creeping grasses in the wild", it says: 'There are creeping grasses in the wild, dripping with dew. There is a beautiful person, clear and graceful. Meeting her by chance is just what I wish for.' This poem "There are creeping grasses in the wild" is about the wild grasses in the suburbs, with dew on the leaves sparkling. A beautiful woman passed by, with delicate features, very stunning. Meeting her by chance is just what I wish for."
"Another example is the poem "Zhengfeng·Zhinwei": 'The Qin and Wei rivers are flowing freely. The man and the woman are holding orchids. The woman said, 'Let's go and see.' The man said, 'Let's go and see.' Beyond the Wei River, there is indeed joy and happiness. The man and the woman tease each other and give each other peonies.' This poem talks about the Qin and Wei rivers in Zheng in March, when unmarried young men and women went to the suburbs to play, holding orchids in their hands. The man and the woman went to the river outside the city with orchids in their hands. The woman said, 'Let's go over there and see.' The man said, 'I've been there once.' The woman said, 'The other side of the Wei River is a good place, lively and bustling, so why not go there again!' So the man and the woman went to the other side of the Wei River together, teased each other, gave each other peonies before leaving, and promised not to forget each other."
"Another example is "There is a dead deer in the wild" in "Zheng Feng". There is a dead deer in the wild, wrapped in white grass. A girl is in love, and a good man seduces her..."
"Another example is "Zhou Nan Tao Yao"... "
"For example, "Junzi Yangyang" in "Wang Feng", "Wooden Quince" in "Wei Feng", "East Gate of Feng" in "Chen Feng"... ... "
Zhu Ping'an listed dozens of poems in one breath to support the Zhou Dynasty's custom of "men and women getting together in the third month of spring". He verified that "Guanju" is a folk song of love between a man and a woman, which may describe this custom.
Ma Huating was stunned. He originally thought that Zhu Ping'an would be hesitant under his questioning.
But I never expected it.
Not only did Zhu Ping'an not hesitate when asked, but he spoke fluently and he started quoting from classics as soon as he finished speaking.
This was so unexpected to Ma Huating that he stood there in shock.
As Zhu Ping'an spoke eloquently, the muscles on Yang Guoliang's face became more and more loose and sagging, and his expression became uglier and uglier.
After Zhu Ping'an finished speaking, the lecture hall fell silent.
a long time.
"If "The Guanju" is a folk song about love between a man and a woman, and if it is so vulgar, why did Confucius list it as the first chapter of the Book of Songs?" Yang Guoliang raised his head, looked at Zhu Ping'an with bloodshot eyes, and asked in a hoarse voice.
"The most vulgar is the most elegant." Zhu Ping'an replied.
"It's not worthy of being listed as the first article." Yang Guoliang continued to stare at Zhu Ping'an.
"The Guanju is listed as the first chapter, which is the embodiment of Confucius' "people-oriented". The Analects records that when the stable caught fire, Confucius asked if anyone was hurt. He did not ask about the horses. This is the embodiment of Confucius' "people-oriented". The Guanju are singing on the island in the river. The beautiful lady is the ideal match for the gentleman... The gentleman pursues the lady, and after succeeding, he plays the harp and the flute with courtesy, practices the virtues of husband and wife, gets married, forms a family, and reproduces offspring. This is the foundation of the country's economy and people's livelihood. If the family is stable, the society will be stable, and the world will be peaceful." Zhu Ping'an said slowly.
People-oriented?!
This word that Zhu Ping'an brought over from modern times stunned everyone at once.
People-oriented... ... The more people study this word, the more they feel that it is not simple. This word can not only cover the principles of people being more important than the king, water can carry a boat but can also overturn it, but it is even broader.
Of course it's not easy. This is a national policy! A national policy that is hundreds of years ahead of yours! It would be strange if I can't suppress you.
Zhu Ping'an pulled the corner of his mouth slightly, "In fact, it's not only the Book of Songs that is like this. When Confucius deleted the Six Classics, the beginning of each book emphasized people-oriented. The Book of Documents begins with 'Shun married without telling him'. In order to test Shun's ability, Yao married his two daughters to him. Only those who can manage their families can govern the country and the world. It is people-oriented; the first chapter of the Book of Changes talks about the Qian and Kun hexagrams, the combination of yin and yang, and the endless cycle of life. It is people-oriented; the first chapter of the Book of Rites is the ceremony of a scholar's coming of age, and the second is the ceremony of a scholar's wedding. It is people-oriented to start a family after adulthood; the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Annals talks about 'Duke Zheng defeated Duan in Yan', which talks about the way of parents and children, and it is also people-oriented... ... In this sense, the Guanju, which is joyful but not lewd, and sad but not hurtful, is the most appropriate as the opening chapter of the Book of Songs."
The connotation of people-oriented is so broad that Zhu Ping'an casually linked the opening of the Six Classics to people-oriented, and everyone agreed with it.
"There are a thousand versions of Guanju in the eyes of a thousand people. This is just my Guanju. Please forgive me for any mistakes I make."
Zhu Ping'an said this, bowed to everyone, and walked down the podium leisurely.
Snap
Snap
... ...
Only the sound of Zhu Ping'an's footsteps echoed in the lecture hall.