However, Lu Zhou found that he was simply overthinking.
Lu Zhou nodded to express his understanding.
"It's a pity that I can't accept your invitation. I will have to go back to Princeton in a while, and starting next month, I have to prepare for next year's Mathematicians Conference."
Lu Zhou made a rough summary and wrote these words down in the notebook he carried with him.
Just like fluid mechanics, although we know that the basic equation is the Navier-Stokes equation, the turbulence phenomenon it generates is a mountain that the physics community has been unable to conquer for two hundred years.
When he asked the system about this question, the system did not give him an answer, not even a response. So much so that he couldn't help but wonder, was the "points function" of this broken system broken
"If you want to solve a difficult problem, you must first solve more difficult problems. Is this what you mean?" Professor Klitzing, who had been drinking coffee, added with a smile, "I think if there really is a room-temperature superconducting material, , let alone a controllable nuclear fusion project, even without controllable nuclear fusion, many energy problems can be solved."
"There is a famous saying in physics, more-is-different," Professor Klitzing smiled and answered the question for his old friend Professor Kleiber, "Although the motion of plasma is governed by Maxwell's equations It can be summarized as a group, and even quantum mechanics is not used, but the number of particles in the entire system is an astronomical number. You should be able to understand the difficulty in this."
When he studied the electrochemical interface structure theory, the variables involved were almost three times the number of particles in the system. Faced with the theoretical model he designed, even Anton had to think for a while before he could give an answer.
"There is no doubt that the prospects of the controllable nuclear fusion project are broad. No matter who asks me this question, I will answer him this way. However, the ITER project is not optimistic so far. The budget is exceeded every year by billions. However, The results are not promising, and governments including the United States have gradually lost patience. In order to free up funds for Helixite 7-X, we have shut down the WEGA experimental group."
"If you are interested in nuclear fusion projects, why not join the ITER project? We very much welcome a mathematician to participate in our cause."
Having said this, Professor Kleiber smiled helplessly and said in a joking tone.
After constantly trying various questions, on the tenth try, the system finally gave a reluctant answer.
The phenomenon of turbulence is not exclusive to general fluids. Plasma can also produce turbulence. And because of the existence of an external magnetic field, the turbulence of plasma will be more complex and difficult to predict than the turbulence of general fluids.
Just like fluid mechanics, although we know that the basic equation is the Navier-Stokes equation, the turbulence phenomenon it generates is a mountain that the physics community has been unable to conquer for two hundred years.
"There is no doubt that the prospects of the controllable nuclear fusion project are broad. No matter who asks me this question, I will answer him this way. However, the ITER project is not optimistic so far. The budget is exceeded every year by billions. However, The results are not promising, and governments including the United States have gradually lost patience. In order to free up funds for Helixite 7-X, we have shut down the WEGA experimental group."
Professor Kleiber thought for a while and said: "From an engineering perspective, we need a larger electromagnetic field to complete the magnetic confinement of the plasma. However, this is not easy to solve. A large magnetic field means a large current. , and electric current will release heat when passing through the conductor. We must soak the wire with liquid helium, on the one hand to reach the superconducting temperature, and on the other hand to prevent the thermal effect of the current from causing the wire to heat up."
"If there is a material that can achieve superconductivity at normal temperatures, or at least under less extreme conditions, we can create larger artificial electromagnetic fields to confine plasma, and many problems will become fundamental. not a problem."
Although, it is only a short line of text.
Professor Kleiber thought for a while and said: "From an engineering perspective, we need a larger electromagnetic field to complete the magnetic confinement of the plasma. However, this is not easy to solve. A large magnetic field means a large current. , and electric current will release heat when passing through the conductor. We must soak the wire with liquid helium, on the one hand to reach the superconducting temperature, and on the other hand to prevent the thermal effect of the current from causing the wire to heat up."
Because for him, he has received enough hints...
Regarding this further question, the system refused to give any prompts and completely ignored him.
Lu Zhou made a rough summary and wrote these words down in the notebook he carried with him.
[The prerequisites are not met.]
Professor Kleiber thought for a while and said: "From an engineering perspective, we need a larger electromagnetic field to complete the magnetic confinement of the plasma. However, this is not easy to solve. A large magnetic field means a large current. , and electric current will release heat when passing through the conductor. We must soak the wire with liquid helium, on the one hand to reach the superconducting temperature, and on the other hand to prevent the thermal effect of the current from causing the wire to heat up."
"If there is a material that can achieve superconductivity at normal temperatures, or at least under less extreme conditions, we can create larger artificial electromagnetic fields to confine plasma, and many problems will become fundamental. not a problem."
Because for him, he has received enough hints...
Although when he said this, there was no expectant expression on his face, and he even regarded Lu Zhou's words as a joke.
Closing the notebook in his hand, he smiled sheepishly and continued.
Sitting on the sofa in the rest area, a Nobel laureate, a prospective Fields Medal scholar, and a senior engineer in the controllable nuclear fusion project were chatting about the Helix 7-X stellarator while they were resting. Problems with cooperation projects with ITER.
Looking at the words that appeared in front of him, Lu Zhou stopped questioning the system and fell into deep thought.
"There is no doubt that the prospects of the controllable nuclear fusion project are broad. No matter who asks me this question, I will answer him this way. However, the ITER project is not optimistic so far. The budget is exceeded every year by billions. However, The results are not promising, and governments including the United States have gradually lost patience. In order to free up funds for Helixite 7-X, we have shut down the WEGA experimental group."
Although he was rejected, Professor Kleiber was not discouraged and just said with a smile.
After constantly trying various questions, on the tenth try, the system finally gave a reluctant answer.
"If you want to solve a difficult problem, you must first solve more difficult problems. Is this what you mean?" Professor Klitzing, who had been drinking coffee, added with a smile, "I think if there really is a room-temperature superconducting material, , let alone a controllable nuclear fusion project, even without controllable nuclear fusion, many energy problems can be solved."
When he asked the system about this question, the system did not give him an answer, not even a response. So much so that he couldn't help but wonder, was the "points function" of this broken system broken
"The prerequisites are not met... Does this refer to the level, or does the prerequisite technology required to unlock nuclear fusion not meet the requirements?"
After constantly trying various questions, on the tenth try, the system finally gave a reluctant answer.
The phenomenon of turbulence is not exclusive to general fluids. Plasma can also produce turbulence. And because of the existence of an external magnetic field, the turbulence of plasma will be more complex and difficult to predict than the turbulence of general fluids.
Lu Zhou asked: "Does controllable nuclear fusion involve complex theoretical issues?"
Having worked in this institute for so many years, no one knows better than Professor Kleiber how difficult it is...
The so-called ITER project is the International Thermonuclear Fusion Experimental Reactor project and is also one of their main sources of funding.
Regarding this further question, the system refused to give any prompts and completely ignored him.
Lu Zhou asked: "Does controllable nuclear fusion involve complex theoretical issues?"
The phenomenon of turbulence is not exclusive to general fluids. Plasma can also produce turbulence. And because of the existence of an external magnetic field, the turbulence of plasma will be more complex and difficult to predict than the turbulence of general fluids.
Although he knew that it was not good to gloat over misfortune, he couldn't help but feel secretly happy when he saw that these "rich people" who were not short of money were finally short of money.
"It's a pity that I can't accept your invitation. I will have to go back to Princeton in a while, and starting next month, I have to prepare for next year's Mathematicians Conference."
Because it is obvious that no matter which of the difficult problems mentioned earlier can be studied as a hobby, there will be no results.
However, Lu Zhou did not feel discouraged by the coldness of the system.
Having said this, Professor Kleiber smiled helplessly and said in a joking tone.
"Actually, after talking about so many engineering issues, in the final analysis, we still have to return to materials."
However, Lu Zhou found that he was simply overthinking.
However, Lu Zhou found that he was simply overthinking.
However, when talking about his views on the ITER project, Professor Kleiber's face did not have the optimistic expression he had in the laboratory before, but instead showed deep concern.
Because for him, he has received enough hints...
Although he was rejected, Professor Kleiber was not discouraged and just said with a smile.
"So this is just a hypothesis," Professor Kleiber shrugged and said helplessly, "If it cannot be solved from the perspective of materials science, we have to improve the coil design and increase the strength of the artificial electromagnetic field from an engineering perspective. In addition, , In addition to the difficulties in application, we are basically at a loss in the theoretical field."
Closing the notebook in his hand, he smiled sheepishly and continued.
Having worked in this institute for so many years, no one knows better than Professor Kleiber how difficult it is...
"If you want to solve a difficult problem, you must first solve more difficult problems. Is this what you mean?" Professor Klitzing, who had been drinking coffee, added with a smile, "I think if there really is a room-temperature superconducting material, , let alone a controllable nuclear fusion project, even without controllable nuclear fusion, many energy problems can be solved."
The phenomenon of turbulence is not exclusive to general fluids. Plasma can also produce turbulence. And because of the existence of an external magnetic field, the turbulence of plasma will be more complex and difficult to predict than the turbulence of general fluids.
When he asked the system about this question, the system did not give him an answer, not even a response. So much so that he couldn't help but wonder, was the "points function" of this broken system broken
Professor Klitzing lowered his head to drink coffee, covering his expression with the cup.
After the experiment, in the rest area of the Spiral Stone 7-X laboratory, Professor Kleiber bought two people a cup of coffee each.
Professor Kleiber thought for a while and said: "From an engineering perspective, we need a larger electromagnetic field to complete the magnetic confinement of the plasma. However, this is not easy to solve. A large magnetic field means a large current. , and electric current will release heat when passing through the conductor. We must soak the wire with liquid helium, on the one hand to reach the superconducting temperature, and on the other hand to prevent the thermal effect of the current from causing the wire to heat up."
Since it cannot be explained theoretically, it is impossible to find a simple model to predict plasma behavior based on "first principles".
Not crying, but laughing.
[The prerequisites are not met.]
Sitting on the sofa in the rest area, a Nobel laureate, a prospective Fields Medal scholar, and a senior engineer in the controllable nuclear fusion project were chatting about the Helix 7-X stellarator while they were resting. Problems with cooperation projects with ITER.
However, Lu Zhou found that he was simply overthinking.
"If you are interested in nuclear fusion projects, why not join the ITER project? We very much welcome a mathematician to participate in our cause."
Looking at the words that appeared in front of him, Lu Zhou stopped questioning the system and fell into deep thought.
Having said this, Professor Kleiber smiled helplessly and said in a joking tone.
The so-called ITER project is the International Thermonuclear Fusion Experimental Reactor project and is also one of their main sources of funding.
However, Lu Zhou found that he was simply overthinking.
"So this is just a hypothesis," Professor Kleiber shrugged and said helplessly, "If it cannot be solved from the perspective of materials science, we have to improve the coil design and increase the strength of the artificial electromagnetic field from an engineering perspective. In addition, , In addition to the difficulties in application, we are basically at a loss in the theoretical field."
However, when talking about his views on the ITER project, Professor Kleiber's face did not have the optimistic expression he had in the laboratory before, but instead showed deep concern.
Because for him, he has received enough hints...
"It's not enough to have a magnetic field, we have to find ways to control the magnetic field... Fortunately, of course, the design concept of the stellarator device means that we don't need to use an ohmic transformer to start the plasma like the Tokmak device. For body current, there is no need to consider issues such as twisted films, magnetic surface tearing, resistive wall films, etc., which is equivalent to transferring the technical difficulty to the engineering difficulty."
Sitting on the sofa in the rest area, a Nobel laureate, a prospective Fields Medal scholar, and a senior engineer in the controllable nuclear fusion project were chatting about the Helix 7-X stellarator while they were resting. Problems with cooperation projects with ITER.
"It's a pity that I can't accept your invitation. I will have to go back to Princeton in a while, and starting next month, I have to prepare for next year's Mathematicians Conference."
Sighing, Professor Kleiber continued.
When he asked the system about this question, the system did not give him an answer, not even a response. So much so that he couldn't help but wonder, was the "points function" of this broken system broken
Having said this, Professor Kleiber smiled helplessly and said in a joking tone.
"It's a pity that I can't accept your invitation. I will have to go back to Princeton in a while, and starting next month, I have to prepare for next year's Mathematicians Conference."
"There is no doubt that the prospects of the controllable nuclear fusion project are broad. No matter who asks me this question, I will answer him this way. However, the ITER project is not optimistic so far. The budget is exceeded every year by billions. However, The results are not promising, and governments including the United States have gradually lost patience. In order to free up funds for Helixite 7-X, we have shut down the WEGA experimental group."
Professor Klitzing lowered his head to drink coffee, covering his expression with the cup.
Since it cannot be explained theoretically, it is impossible to find a simple model to predict plasma behavior based on "first principles".
[The prerequisites are not met.]
The so-called ITER project is the International Thermonuclear Fusion Experimental Reactor project and is also one of their main sources of funding.
The so-called ITER project is the International Thermonuclear Fusion Experimental Reactor project and is also one of their main sources of funding.
"Really? Then I can only look forward to your new results."
However, Lu Zhou found that he was simply overthinking.
Although, it is only a short line of text.
Professor Klitzing lowered his head to drink coffee, covering his expression with the cup.
"So this is just a hypothesis," Professor Kleiber shrugged and said helplessly, "If it cannot be solved from the perspective of materials science, we have to improve the coil design and increase the strength of the artificial electromagnetic field from an engineering perspective. In addition, , In addition to the difficulties in application, we are basically at a loss in the theoretical field."
When he asked the system about this question, the system did not give him an answer, not even a response. So much so that he couldn't help but wonder, was the "points function" of this broken system broken
"Actually, after talking about so many engineering issues, in the final analysis, we still have to return to materials."
Although when he said this, there was no expectant expression on his face, and he even regarded Lu Zhou's words as a joke.
Lu Zhou asked: "Does controllable nuclear fusion involve complex theoretical issues?"
The so-called ITER project is the International Thermonuclear Fusion Experimental Reactor project and is also one of their main sources of funding.
The so-called ITER project is the International Thermonuclear Fusion Experimental Reactor project and is also one of their main sources of funding.
Having said this, Professor Kleiber smiled helplessly and said in a joking tone.
Not crying, but laughing.
Looking at the words that appeared in front of him, Lu Zhou stopped questioning the system and fell into deep thought.
[The prerequisites are not met.]
Although he knew that it was not good to gloat over misfortune, he couldn't help but feel secretly happy when he saw that these "rich people" who were not short of money were finally short of money.
Superconducting materials are required.
When he asked the system about this question, the system did not give him an answer, not even a response. So much so that he couldn't help but wonder, was the "points function" of this broken system broken
"It's not enough to have a magnetic field, we have to find ways to control the magnetic field... Fortunately, of course, the design concept of the stellarator device means that we don't need to use an ohmic transformer to start the plasma like the Tokmak device. For body current, there is no need to consider issues such as twisted films, magnetic surface tearing, resistive wall films, etc., which is equivalent to transferring the technical difficulty to the engineering difficulty."
Regarding this further question, the system refused to give any prompts and completely ignored him.
Although when he said this, there was no expectant expression on his face, and he even regarded Lu Zhou's words as a joke.
However, the ion motion in the stellarator is a more complex system than the electrochemical interface structure.
Sighing, Professor Kleiber continued.
After the experiment, in the rest area of the Spiral Stone 7-X laboratory, Professor Kleiber bought two people a cup of coffee each.
"It's not enough to have a magnetic field, we have to find ways to control the magnetic field... Fortunately, of course, the design concept of the stellarator device means that we don't need to use an ohmic transformer to start the plasma like the Tokmak device. For body current, there is no need to consider issues such as twisted films, magnetic surface tearing, resistive wall films, etc., which is equivalent to transferring the technical difficulty to the engineering difficulty."
Lu Zhou: "What problems do you think need to be solved?"
"Controllable nuclear fusion is a systematic project, whether it is inertial confinement or magnetic confinement, or tokamak and stellarator. Only when a series of questions are answered can it be possible to finally solve this problem. But now, None of the problems we face have been fundamentally solved.”
"Controllable nuclear fusion is a systematic project, whether it is inertial confinement or magnetic confinement, or tokamak and stellarator. Only when a series of questions are answered can it be possible to finally solve this problem. But now, None of the problems we face have been fundamentally solved.”
Because it is obvious that no matter which of the difficult problems mentioned earlier can be studied as a hobby, there will be no results.
"Really? Then I can only look forward to your new results."
Regarding this further question, the system refused to give any prompts and completely ignored him.
Lu Zhou: "What problems do you think need to be solved?"
After the experiment, in the rest area of the Spiral Stone 7-X laboratory, Professor Kleiber bought two people a cup of coffee each.
Seeing Lu Zhou's interest, Professor Kleiber couldn't help but extend the invitation.
Lu Zhou: "What problems do you think need to be solved?"
"If there is a material that can achieve superconductivity at normal temperatures, or at least under less extreme conditions, we can create larger artificial electromagnetic fields to confine plasma, and many problems will become fundamental. not a problem."
"However, I will write down these problems and study them as a hobby. Although there is no guarantee that I will be able to study something, maybe it will come in handy one day."
"If there is a material that can achieve superconductivity at normal temperatures, or at least under less extreme conditions, we can create larger artificial electromagnetic fields to confine plasma, and many problems will become fundamental. not a problem."
Since it cannot be explained theoretically, it is impossible to find a simple model to predict plasma behavior based on "first principles".
Looking at the words that appeared in front of him, Lu Zhou stopped questioning the system and fell into deep thought.
Just like fluid mechanics, although we know that the basic equation is the Navier-Stokes equation, the turbulence phenomenon it generates is a mountain that the physics community has been unable to conquer for two hundred years.
Professor Kleiber thought for a while and said: "From an engineering perspective, we need a larger electromagnetic field to complete the magnetic confinement of the plasma. However, this is not easy to solve. A large magnetic field means a large current. , and electric current will release heat when passing through the conductor. We must soak the wire with liquid helium, on the one hand to reach the superconducting temperature, and on the other hand to prevent the thermal effect of the current from causing the wire to heat up."
Not crying, but laughing.
Lu Zhou: "What problems do you think need to be solved?"
"Controllable nuclear fusion is a systematic project, whether it is inertial confinement or magnetic confinement, or tokamak and stellarator. Only when a series of questions are answered can it be possible to finally solve this problem. But now, None of the problems we face have been fundamentally solved.”
"It's not enough to have a magnetic field, we have to find ways to control the magnetic field... Fortunately, of course, the design concept of the stellarator device means that we don't need to use an ohmic transformer to start the plasma like the Tokmak device. For body current, there is no need to consider issues such as twisted films, magnetic surface tearing, resistive wall films, etc., which is equivalent to transferring the technical difficulty to the engineering difficulty."
However, Lu Zhou did not feel discouraged by the coldness of the system.
Although he knew that it was not good to gloat over misfortune, he couldn't help but feel secretly happy when he saw that these "rich people" who were not short of money were finally short of money.
Having said this, Professor Kleiber smiled helplessly and said in a joking tone.
"It's not enough to have a magnetic field, we have to find ways to control the magnetic field... Fortunately, of course, the design concept of the stellarator device means that we don't need to use an ohmic transformer to start the plasma like the Tokmak device. For body current, there is no need to consider issues such as twisted films, magnetic surface tearing, resistive wall films, etc., which is equivalent to transferring the technical difficulty to the engineering difficulty."
Because it is obvious that no matter which of the difficult problems mentioned earlier can be studied as a hobby, there will be no results.
After the experiment, in the rest area of the Spiral Stone 7-X laboratory, Professor Kleiber bought two people a cup of coffee each.
"If there is a material that can achieve superconductivity at normal temperatures, or at least under less extreme conditions, we can create larger artificial electromagnetic fields to confine plasma, and many problems will become fundamental. not a problem."
"Actually, after talking about so many engineering issues, in the final analysis, we still have to return to materials."
Therefore, many times, when researchers "diagnose" plasma, they can only construct some phenomenological models to help with the study, just like when studying fluid turbulence.
Because it is obvious that no matter which of the difficult problems mentioned earlier can be studied as a hobby, there will be no results.
After the experiment, in the rest area of the Spiral Stone 7-X laboratory, Professor Kleiber bought two people a cup of coffee each.
Regarding this further question, the system refused to give any prompts and completely ignored him.
However, Lu Zhou found that he was simply overthinking.
Although when he said this, there was no expectant expression on his face, and he even regarded Lu Zhou's words as a joke.
"If there is a material that can achieve superconductivity at normal temperatures, or at least under less extreme conditions, we can create larger artificial electromagnetic fields to confine plasma, and many problems will become fundamental. not a problem."
Closing the notebook in his hand, he smiled sheepishly and continued.
"Really? Then I can only look forward to your new results."
When he asked the system about this question, the system did not give him an answer, not even a response. So much so that he couldn't help but wonder, was the "points function" of this broken system broken
Lu Zhou made a rough summary and wrote these words down in the notebook he carried with him.
Just like fluid mechanics, although we know that the basic equation is the Navier-Stokes equation, the turbulence phenomenon it generates is a mountain that the physics community has been unable to conquer for two hundred years.
Superconducting materials are required.
Sitting on the sofa in the rest area, a Nobel laureate, a prospective Fields Medal scholar, and a senior engineer in the controllable nuclear fusion project were chatting about the Helix 7-X stellarator while they were resting. Problems with cooperation projects with ITER.
"The prerequisites are not met... Does this refer to the level, or does the prerequisite technology required to unlock nuclear fusion not meet the requirements?"
However, the ion motion in the stellarator is a more complex system than the electrochemical interface structure.
"If there is a material that can achieve superconductivity at normal temperatures, or at least under less extreme conditions, we can create larger artificial electromagnetic fields to confine plasma, and many problems will become fundamental. not a problem."
Closing the notebook in his hand, he smiled sheepishly and continued.
Lu Zhou: "What problems do you think need to be solved?"
However, Lu Zhou did not feel discouraged by the coldness of the system.
After the experiment, in the rest area of the Spiral Stone 7-X laboratory, Professor Kleiber bought two people a cup of coffee each.
Lu Zhou made a rough summary and wrote these words down in the notebook he carried with him.
Although, it is only a short line of text.
Professor Kleiber thought for a while and said: "From an engineering perspective, we need a larger electromagnetic field to complete the magnetic confinement of the plasma. However, this is not easy to solve. A large magnetic field means a large current. , and electric current will release heat when passing through the conductor. We must soak the wire with liquid helium, on the one hand to reach the superconducting temperature, and on the other hand to prevent the thermal effect of the current from causing the wire to heat up."
"It's a pity that I can't accept your invitation. I will have to go back to Princeton in a while, and starting next month, I have to prepare for next year's Mathematicians Conference."
Lu Zhou made a rough summary and wrote these words down in the notebook he carried with him.
"If you want to solve a difficult problem, you must first solve more difficult problems. Is this what you mean?" Professor Klitzing, who had been drinking coffee, added with a smile, "I think if there really is a room-temperature superconducting material, , let alone a controllable nuclear fusion project, even without controllable nuclear fusion, many energy problems can be solved."
"Actually, after talking about so many engineering issues, in the final analysis, we still have to return to materials."
"So this is just a hypothesis," Professor Kleiber shrugged and said helplessly, "If it cannot be solved from the perspective of materials science, we have to improve the coil design and increase the strength of the artificial electromagnetic field from an engineering perspective. In addition, , In addition to the difficulties in application, we are basically at a loss in the theoretical field."
Although when he said this, there was no expectant expression on his face, and he even regarded Lu Zhou's words as a joke.
"So this is just a hypothesis," Professor Kleiber shrugged and said helplessly, "If it cannot be solved from the perspective of materials science, we have to improve the coil design and increase the strength of the artificial electromagnetic field from an engineering perspective. In addition, , In addition to the difficulties in application, we are basically at a loss in the theoretical field."
Lu Zhou nodded to express his understanding.
Professor Kleiber thought for a while and said: "From an engineering perspective, we need a larger electromagnetic field to complete the magnetic confinement of the plasma. However, this is not easy to solve. A large magnetic field means a large current. , and electric current will release heat when passing through the conductor. We must soak the wire with liquid helium, on the one hand to reach the superconducting temperature, and on the other hand to prevent the thermal effect of the current from causing the wire to heat up."
The phenomenon of turbulence is not exclusive to general fluids. Plasma can also produce turbulence. And because of the existence of an external magnetic field, the turbulence of plasma will be more complex and difficult to predict than the turbulence of general fluids.
"Really? Then I can only look forward to your new results."
Looking at the words that appeared in front of him, Lu Zhou stopped questioning the system and fell into deep thought.
Lu Zhou asked: "Does controllable nuclear fusion involve complex theoretical issues?"
Since it cannot be explained theoretically, it is impossible to find a simple model to predict plasma behavior based on "first principles".
After the experiment, in the rest area of the Spiral Stone 7-X laboratory, Professor Kleiber bought two people a cup of coffee each.
When he asked the system about this question, the system did not give him an answer, not even a response. So much so that he couldn't help but wonder, was the "points function" of this broken system broken
Professor Klitzing lowered his head to drink coffee, covering his expression with the cup.
Closing the notebook in his hand, he smiled sheepishly and continued.
"If there is a material that can achieve superconductivity at normal temperatures, or at least under less extreme conditions, we can create larger artificial electromagnetic fields to confine plasma, and many problems will become fundamental. not a problem."
"There is a famous saying in physics, more-is-different," Professor Klitzing smiled and answered the question for his old friend Professor Kleiber, "Although the motion of plasma is governed by Maxwell's equations It can be summarized as a group, and even quantum mechanics is not used, but the number of particles in the entire system is an astronomical number. You should be able to understand the difficulty in this."
Although when he said this, there was no expectant expression on his face, and he even regarded Lu Zhou's words as a joke.
Lu Zhou nodded to express his understanding.
Because for him, he has received enough hints...
Just like fluid mechanics, although we know that the basic equation is the Navier-Stokes equation, the turbulence phenomenon it generates is a mountain that the physics community has been unable to conquer for two hundred years.
"Actually, after talking about so many engineering issues, in the final analysis, we still have to return to materials."
However, Lu Zhou found that he was simply overthinking.
Lu Zhou nodded to express his understanding.
Superconducting materials are required.
Lu Zhou made a rough summary and wrote these words down in the notebook he carried with him.
When he studied the electrochemical interface structure theory, the variables involved were almost three times the number of particles in the system. Faced with the theoretical model he designed, even Anton had to think for a while before he could give an answer.
Lu Zhou thought for a moment about the olive branch extended by Professor Kleiber and then gave his answer.
"Really? Then I can only look forward to your new results."
Because it is obvious that no matter which of the difficult problems mentioned earlier can be studied as a hobby, there will be no results.
"Really? Then I can only look forward to your new results."
"There is a famous saying in physics, more-is-different," Professor Klitzing smiled and answered the question for his old friend Professor Kleiber, "Although the motion of plasma is governed by Maxwell's equations It can be summarized as a group, and even quantum mechanics is not used, but the number of particles in the entire system is an astronomical number. You should be able to understand the difficulty in this."
Since it cannot be explained theoretically, it is impossible to find a simple model to predict plasma behavior based on "first principles".
However, the ion motion in the stellarator is a more complex system than the electrochemical interface structure.
Just like fluid mechanics, although we know that the basic equation is the Navier-Stokes equation, the turbulence phenomenon it generates is a mountain that the physics community has been unable to conquer for two hundred years.
Just like fluid mechanics, although we know that the basic equation is the Navier-Stokes equation, the turbulence phenomenon it generates is a mountain that the physics community has been unable to conquer for two hundred years.
After the experiment, in the rest area of the Spiral Stone 7-X laboratory, Professor Kleiber bought two people a cup of coffee each.
"If there is a material that can achieve superconductivity at normal temperatures, or at least under less extreme conditions, we can create larger artificial electromagnetic fields to confine plasma, and many problems will become fundamental. not a problem."
"There is no doubt that the prospects of the controllable nuclear fusion project are broad. No matter who asks me this question, I will answer him this way. However, the ITER project is not optimistic so far. The budget is exceeded every year by billions. However, The results are not promising, and governments including the United States have gradually lost patience. In order to free up funds for Helixite 7-X, we have shut down the WEGA experimental group."
Sitting on the sofa in the rest area, a Nobel laureate, a prospective Fields Medal scholar, and a senior engineer in the controllable nuclear fusion project were chatting about the Helix 7-X stellarator while they were resting. Problems with cooperation projects with ITER.
Just like fluid mechanics, although we know that the basic equation is the Navier-Stokes equation, the turbulence phenomenon it generates is a mountain that the physics community has been unable to conquer for two hundred years.
Lu Zhou: "What problems do you think need to be solved?"
"There is no doubt that the prospects of the controllable nuclear fusion project are broad. No matter who asks me this question, I will answer him this way. However, the ITER project is not optimistic so far. The budget is exceeded every year by billions. However, The results are not promising, and governments including the United States have gradually lost patience. In order to free up funds for Helixite 7-X, we have shut down the WEGA experimental group."
Lu Zhou asked: "Does controllable nuclear fusion involve complex theoretical issues?"
Having worked in this institute for so many years, no one knows better than Professor Kleiber how difficult it is...
The phenomenon of turbulence is not exclusive to general fluids. Plasma can also produce turbulence. And because of the existence of an external magnetic field, the turbulence of plasma will be more complex and difficult to predict than the turbulence of general fluids.
"Really? Then I can only look forward to your new results."
Since it cannot be explained theoretically, it is impossible to find a simple model to predict plasma behavior based on "first principles".
Since it cannot be explained theoretically, it is impossible to find a simple model to predict plasma behavior based on "first principles".
However, Lu Zhou found that he was simply overthinking.
"Really? Then I can only look forward to your new results."
Although when he said this, there was no expectant expression on his face, and he even regarded Lu Zhou's words as a joke.
Although he was rejected, Professor Kleiber was not discouraged and just said with a smile.
Because for him, he has received enough hints...
Therefore, many times, when researchers "diagnose" plasma, they can only construct some phenomenological models to help with the study, just like when studying fluid turbulence.
However, the ion motion in the stellarator is a more complex system than the electrochemical interface structure.
"If there is a material that can achieve superconductivity at normal temperatures, or at least under less extreme conditions, we can create larger artificial electromagnetic fields to confine plasma, and many problems will become fundamental. not a problem."
The phenomenon of turbulence is not exclusive to general fluids. Plasma can also produce turbulence. And because of the existence of an external magnetic field, the turbulence of plasma will be more complex and difficult to predict than the turbulence of general fluids.
Having said this, Professor Kleiber smiled helplessly and said in a joking tone.
Seeing Lu Zhou's interest, Professor Kleiber couldn't help but extend the invitation.
[The prerequisites are not met.]
Looking at the words that appeared in front of him, Lu Zhou stopped questioning the system and fell into deep thought.
"It's a pity that I can't accept your invitation. I will have to go back to Princeton in a while, and starting next month, I have to prepare for next year's Mathematicians Conference."
Lu Zhou thought for a moment about the olive branch extended by Professor Kleiber and then gave his answer.
"If you are interested in nuclear fusion projects, why not join the ITER project? We very much welcome a mathematician to participate in our cause."
"If there is a material that can achieve superconductivity at normal temperatures, or at least under less extreme conditions, we can create larger artificial electromagnetic fields to confine plasma, and many problems will become fundamental. not a problem."
"There is no doubt that the prospects of the controllable nuclear fusion project are broad. No matter who asks me this question, I will answer him this way. However, the ITER project is not optimistic so far. The budget is exceeded every year by billions. However, The results are not promising, and governments including the United States have gradually lost patience. In order to free up funds for Helixite 7-X, we have shut down the WEGA experimental group."
"Actually, after talking about so many engineering issues, in the final analysis, we still have to return to materials."
Lu Zhou thought for a moment about the olive branch extended by Professor Kleiber and then gave his answer.
Sighing, Professor Kleiber continued.
"It's not enough to have a magnetic field, we have to find ways to control the magnetic field... Fortunately, of course, the design concept of the stellarator device means that we don't need to use an ohmic transformer to start the plasma like the Tokmak device. For body current, there is no need to consider issues such as twisted films, magnetic surface tearing, resistive wall films, etc., which is equivalent to transferring the technical difficulty to the engineering difficulty."
"If you are interested in nuclear fusion projects, why not join the ITER project? We very much welcome a mathematician to participate in our cause."
Although he knew that it was not good to gloat over misfortune, he couldn't help but feel secretly happy when he saw that these "rich people" who were not short of money were finally short of money.
"It's a pity that I can't accept your invitation. I will have to go back to Princeton in a while, and starting next month, I have to prepare for next year's Mathematicians Conference."
"There is a famous saying in physics, more-is-different," Professor Klitzing smiled and answered the question for his old friend Professor Kleiber, "Although the motion of plasma is governed by Maxwell's equations It can be summarized as a group, and even quantum mechanics is not used, but the number of particles in the entire system is an astronomical number. You should be able to understand the difficulty in this."
However, Lu Zhou found that he was simply overthinking.
When he studied the electrochemical interface structure theory, the variables involved were almost three times the number of particles in the system. Faced with the theoretical model he designed, even Anton had to think for a while before he could give an answer.
"There is a famous saying in physics, more-is-different," Professor Klitzing smiled and answered the question for his old friend Professor Kleiber, "Although the motion of plasma is governed by Maxwell's equations It can be summarized as a group, and even quantum mechanics is not used, but the number of particles in the entire system is an astronomical number. You should be able to understand the difficulty in this."
Closing the notebook in his hand, he smiled sheepishly and continued.
Lu Zhou: "What problems do you think need to be solved?"
Just like fluid mechanics, although we know that the basic equation is the Navier-Stokes equation, the turbulence phenomenon it generates is a mountain that the physics community has been unable to conquer for two hundred years.
Although he knew that it was not good to gloat over misfortune, he couldn't help but feel secretly happy when he saw that these "rich people" who were not short of money were finally short of money.
"However, I will write down these problems and study them as a hobby. Although there is no guarantee that I will be able to study something, maybe it will come in handy one day."
"Controllable nuclear fusion is a systematic project, whether it is inertial confinement or magnetic confinement, or tokamak and stellarator. Only when a series of questions are answered can it be possible to finally solve this problem. But now, None of the problems we face have been fundamentally solved.”
"The prerequisites are not met... Does this refer to the level, or does the prerequisite technology required to unlock nuclear fusion not meet the requirements?"
When he studied the electrochemical interface structure theory, the variables involved were almost three times the number of particles in the system. Faced with the theoretical model he designed, even Anton had to think for a while before he could give an answer.
Although he was rejected, Professor Kleiber was not discouraged and just said with a smile.
After the experiment, in the rest area of the Spiral Stone 7-X laboratory, Professor Kleiber bought two people a cup of coffee each.
Although, it is only a short line of text.
Superconducting materials are required.
Because it is obvious that no matter which of the difficult problems mentioned earlier can be studied as a hobby, there will be no results.
Lu Zhou nodded to express his understanding.
"Really? Then I can only look forward to your new results."
Having worked in this institute for so many years, no one knows better than Professor Kleiber how difficult it is...
After constantly trying various questions, on the tenth try, the system finally gave a reluctant answer.
Although when he said this, there was no expectant expression on his face, and he even regarded Lu Zhou's words as a joke.
Although he was rejected, Professor Kleiber was not discouraged and just said with a smile.
After the experiment, in the rest area of the Spiral Stone 7-X laboratory, Professor Kleiber bought two people a cup of coffee each.
Sitting on the sofa in the rest area, a Nobel laureate, a prospective Fields Medal scholar, and a senior engineer in the controllable nuclear fusion project were chatting about the Helix 7-X stellarator while they were resting. Problems with cooperation projects with ITER.
Because it is obvious that no matter which of the difficult problems mentioned earlier can be studied as a hobby, there will be no results.
Lu Zhou thought for a moment about the olive branch extended by Professor Kleiber and then gave his answer.
"If you are interested in nuclear fusion projects, why not join the ITER project? We very much welcome a mathematician to participate in our cause."
"The prerequisites are not met... Does this refer to the level, or does the prerequisite technology required to unlock nuclear fusion not meet the requirements?"
Closing the notebook in his hand, he smiled sheepishly and continued.
"Controllable nuclear fusion is a systematic project, whether it is inertial confinement or magnetic confinement, or tokamak and stellarator. Only when a series of questions are answered can it be possible to finally solve this problem. But now, None of the problems we face have been fundamentally solved.”
Having worked in this institute for so many years, no one knows better than Professor Kleiber how difficult it is...
Lu Zhou nodded to express his understanding.
Not crying, but laughing.