If you count the number of failures, Hou Jinli has lost count of how many times he has failed.
However, as this was the first time in his life that he independently applied for a research project, and it was also the first project he applied for after coming to this institute, he was unwilling to give up so simply.
Ordinary neutron sources simply cannot reach this level.
Although there is only one stellarator in China, there are still many tokamak devices...
From a microstructure perspective, this material can be abstracted into a honeycomb graphene layer connected in the middle of the ceramic layer, and these honeycomb graphene molecules are closely bonded with SiC molecules.
Initially, when he was preparing SG-1 materials in the laboratory, he was attracted by the waste materials accidentally produced by the experiment.
Although there is only one stellarator in China, there are still many tokamak devices...
Where can I find such experimental equipment to continuously bombard samples with 14 MeV neutrons
It's not impossible in theory.
As for the second part, it is the key content of the entire experiment.
Compared with ordinary graphite materials, the feel of that waste material is really special.
As for the latter, theoretical analysis is basically useless, and conclusions can only be drawn through experiments.
Where can I find such experimental equipment to continuously bombard samples with 14 MeV neutrons
The above are all conclusions drawn from the experience he accumulated in experiments. Finally, through systematic research, he discovered that the reason why this waste is special is the layer of porous mesh condensed on its surface. Airgel barrier.
Using this porous network aerogel prepared from graphene as a toughening agent combined with silicon carbide ceramics has produced unexpected miraculous effects!
Hearing these words, Lu Zhou sighed: "You are right, this is the key to the problem. Although this material is suitable in all aspects, the ability to withstand neutron radiation... Whether it will work or not depends on the specifics. You won’t know until you try it.”
After all, this stellarator device is the only one in the country.
In addition, it includes tensile strength and compressive strength, resistance to thermal stress, etc.
Using this porous network aerogel prepared from graphene as a toughening agent combined with silicon carbide ceramics has produced unexpected miraculous effects!
There is no way to try this thing.
If you count the number of failures, Hou Jinli has lost count of how many times he has failed.
To be honest, this result somewhat disappointed him. After all, porous network aerogels prepared from graphene are not a new research result. It can even be said that similar materials have been used in some electrode materials.
Although the pulse ignition is not restrained for a long time, it can still ignite at least!
However, at this moment, an idea suddenly flashed in Lu Zhou's mind, and he reached out and patted his forehead.
Yang Xu: "Thinking?"
Select graphene oxide as the basic raw material, prepare a graphene oxide solution of 1~2 mg/ml, add a reducing agent, stir for 5~10 minutes, and allow it to reduce at 90-160°C for 30-45 minutes. Take it out immediately and put it in the freezer. Freeze it in the box for 4 hours, take it out and thaw it and continue to restore it at high temperature for 5 hours. Finally, wash it several times and dry it... This porous mesh aerogel can be obtained.
It's not impossible in theory.
However, as this was the first time in his life that he independently applied for a research project, and it was also the first project he applied for after coming to this institute, he was unwilling to give up so simply.
"Yes," Lu Zhou nodded, and after thinking for a moment, he continued, "At first, I subjectively thought that ceramic materials were not suitable for the first wall because their heat dissipation performance was too poor, but from another perspective, This kind of heat transfer performance perpendicular to the interface is better if it is smaller."
However, its performance in thermal properties made him so excited that he couldn't help shouting in the laboratory.
Although many interesting inventions are born by chance, this chance came too unexpectedly.
So after discovering that this porous network aerogel itself had no special value, he continued to study its performance in other dispersion media and dispersed phases, as well as its various properties when combined with other materials. Dig deeper.
As for indirect acceleration (deuteron method), there is one, but in fact, to obtain the energy of neutrons, it is better to directly shoot alpha particles into beryllium metal foil. The only advantage of the former is that it is slightly more stable in the direction of generating neutron beams.
Hearing these words, Lu Zhou sighed: "You are right, this is the key to the problem. Although this material is suitable in all aspects, the ability to withstand neutron radiation... Whether it will work or not depends on the specifics. You won’t know until you try it.”
The process is hopeless.
Hou Jinli couldn't wait to write the experimental results into a report, and handed it over to the institute.
Although he didn't know much about fusion engineering, Lu Zhou's explanation was quite simple, and Yang Xu immediately understood what he meant.
As for the accelerator…
Initially, when he was preparing SG-1 materials in the laboratory, he was attracted by the waste materials accidentally produced by the experiment.
He was even so desperate that he doubted his life.
MMP!
But if you have to go on strike for a month to do an experiment, isn't the price too high
Fortunately, he didn't give up the last time.
But if you have to go on strike for a month to do an experiment, isn't the price too high
So after discovering that this porous network aerogel itself had no special value, he continued to study its performance in other dispersion media and dispersed phases, as well as its various properties when combined with other materials. Dig deeper.
But in actual circumstances, the damage caused by neutron irradiation to materials is not only the transmutation of atoms and the destruction of internal chemical bonds, but also the destruction of the purest physical structure.
Yang Xu: "Why do you say that?"
However, as this was the first time in his life that he independently applied for a research project, and it was also the first project he applied for after coming to this institute, he was unwilling to give up so simply.
Using this porous network aerogel prepared from graphene as a toughening agent combined with silicon carbide ceramics has produced unexpected miraculous effects!
The first part is about the preparation of this porous network aerogel.
Without too many twists and turns, the experimental report was placed on Lu Zhou's desk the day after he handed it in...
Moreover, not only does it have excellent high temperature resistance, this material has a small thermal expansion coefficient and significant anisotropy in thermal conductivity.
I was just thinking about how to mess with my stellarator, but I forgot about the tokamak.
As a toughening agent itself, the performance of this porous network aerogel is not superior, at least compared to other similar materials.
Let the STAR device "force" again
General radiation resistance experiments are fine. Bombardment of beryllium nuclei with alpha particles can release neutrons.
Using this porous network aerogel prepared from graphene as a toughening agent combined with silicon carbide ceramics has produced unexpected miraculous effects!
However, its performance in thermal properties made him so excited that he couldn't help shouting in the laboratory.
Although he didn't know much about fusion engineering, Lu Zhou's explanation was quite simple, and Yang Xu immediately understood what he meant.
Yang Xu: "Why do you say that?"
After all, this stellarator device is the only one in the country.
Hou Jinli couldn't wait to write the experimental results into a report, and handed it over to the institute.
"It's hard to say," Lu Zhou put down the experimental report in his hand and leaned on the office chair. "But this report does provide me with an idea."
Seeing the interested look on Lu Zhou's face, Yang Xu asked, "Is this the kind of material you need?"
Yang Xu smiled a little bitterly and said tactfully: "I'm afraid this experiment is not easy to do."
However, although the thermodynamic problem has been basically solved, there is still a more critical issue here...
However, this is the theory.
Without too many twists and turns, the experimental report was placed on Lu Zhou's desk the day after he handed it in...
The thermal conductivity is not good if it is too weak, and it is not good if it is too strong. From this point of view, carbon fiber seems to be a little too much.
To be honest, this result somewhat disappointed him. After all, porous network aerogels prepared from graphene are not a new research result. It can even be said that similar materials have been used in some electrode materials.
As for the heat dissipation of structural materials, it can also be solved by "inserting heat-conducting pipes into the structure and dissipating the heat transferred along the cross-sectional direction."
"What about the ability to withstand neutron irradiation? This is the most critical thing."
Yang Xu: "Thinking?"
As for the accelerator…
Compared with ordinary graphite materials, the feel of that waste material is really special.
…
Although there is only one stellarator in China, there are still many tokamak devices...
He was even so desperate that he doubted his life.
The only trouble is...
It's not impossible in theory.
Experts from the Nuclear Industry Group are still studying how to imitate it. If this only piece of equipment is broken, it will be lost.
Although many interesting inventions are born by chance, this chance came too unexpectedly.
So after discovering that this porous network aerogel itself had no special value, he continued to study its performance in other dispersion media and dispersed phases, as well as its various properties when combined with other materials. Dig deeper.
It's not impossible in theory.
In addition, it includes tensile strength and compressive strength, resistance to thermal stress, etc.
The process is hopeless.
General radiation resistance experiments are fine. Bombardment of beryllium nuclei with alpha particles can release neutrons.
As for the heat dissipation of structural materials, it can also be solved by "inserting heat-conducting pipes into the structure and dissipating the heat transferred along the cross-sectional direction."
That is, heat energy is easy to be transferred along the cross-sectional direction, but not easy to be transferred in the vertical cross-sectional direction!
Looking at the experimental report in his hand, Lu Zhou had a look of interest on his face.
However, this is the theory.
The above are all conclusions drawn from the experience he accumulated in experiments. Finally, through systematic research, he discovered that the reason why this waste is special is the layer of porous mesh condensed on its surface. Airgel barrier.
"interesting."
It can even be said that the most important reason why it is difficult to conduct research on the first wall materials of controllable fusion reactors is that there is no equipment that can test the radiation resistance of the materials.
According to the experimental results obtained from the high temperature resistance test, this special graphene-ceramic composite material can withstand a high temperature of 3200 degrees in an oxygen-free environment!
Initially, when he was preparing SG-1 materials in the laboratory, he was attracted by the waste materials accidentally produced by the experiment.
The report content is divided into two parts.
I was just thinking about how to mess with my stellarator, but I forgot about the tokamak.
Yang Xu: "Why do you say that?"
"interesting."
Fortunately, he didn't give up the last time.
The first part is about the preparation of this porous network aerogel.
Thinking of this, Lu Zhou felt a little confused. He tapped his index finger on the table and weighed it in his mind.
Yang Xu smiled a little bitterly and said tactfully: "I'm afraid this experiment is not easy to do."
Select graphene oxide as the basic raw material, prepare a graphene oxide solution of 1~2 mg/ml, add a reducing agent, stir for 5~10 minutes, and allow it to reduce at 90-160°C for 30-45 minutes. Take it out immediately and put it in the freezer. Freeze it in the box for 4 hours, take it out and thaw it and continue to restore it at high temperature for 5 hours. Finally, wash it several times and dry it... This porous mesh aerogel can be obtained.
General radiation resistance experiments are fine. Bombardment of beryllium nuclei with alpha particles can release neutrons.
To be honest, this result somewhat disappointed him. After all, porous network aerogels prepared from graphene are not a new research result. It can even be said that similar materials have been used in some electrode materials.
As for the second part, it is the key content of the entire experiment.
Judging from these data, this material can be said to be quite outstanding.
To be honest, this result somewhat disappointed him. After all, porous network aerogels prepared from graphene are not a new research result. It can even be said that similar materials have been used in some electrode materials.
The difference in operating temperatures between the two materials can be said to be one of the core difficulties in the entire reactor engineering.
The thermal conductivity is not good if it is too weak, and it is not good if it is too strong. From this point of view, carbon fiber seems to be a little too much.
That is, heat energy is easy to be transferred along the cross-sectional direction, but not easy to be transferred in the vertical cross-sectional direction!
In the experiment, Hou Jinli's research team chemically bonded this porous network aerogel prepared from graphene material to the SIC ceramic layer through the process of atomic layer deposition, and thus obtained a graphene with a special structure. —Ceramic composite materials.
"Because of the liquid lithium neutron recovery system," Lu Zhou smiled and continued, "based on the thermal conductivity of carbon fiber composite materials, we have to consider adding a heat insulation layer between the carbon fiber composite materials and liquid lithium. Otherwise, it will cost 3,000 yuan." If the operating temperature is above 10 degrees, the liquid lithium layer we use to recover neutrons will be vaporized if we are not careful."
Fortunately, he didn't give up the last time.
From a microstructure perspective, this material can be abstracted into a honeycomb graphene layer connected in the middle of the ceramic layer, and these honeycomb graphene molecules are closely bonded with SiC molecules.
"Yes," Lu Zhou nodded, and after thinking for a moment, he continued, "At first, I subjectively thought that ceramic materials were not suitable for the first wall because their heat dissipation performance was too poor, but from another perspective, This kind of heat transfer performance perpendicular to the interface is better if it is smaller."
Using this porous network aerogel prepared from graphene as a toughening agent combined with silicon carbide ceramics has produced unexpected miraculous effects!
…
However, this is the theory.
As a toughening agent itself, the performance of this porous network aerogel is not superior, at least compared to other similar materials.
Select graphene oxide as the basic raw material, prepare a graphene oxide solution of 1~2 mg/ml, add a reducing agent, stir for 5~10 minutes, and allow it to reduce at 90-160°C for 30-45 minutes. Take it out immediately and put it in the freezer. Freeze it in the box for 4 hours, take it out and thaw it and continue to restore it at high temperature for 5 hours. Finally, wash it several times and dry it... This porous mesh aerogel can be obtained.
…
As for the heat dissipation of structural materials, it can also be solved by "inserting heat-conducting pipes into the structure and dissipating the heat transferred along the cross-sectional direction."
According to the experimental results obtained from the high temperature resistance test, this special graphene-ceramic composite material can withstand a high temperature of 3200 degrees in an oxygen-free environment!
As for the second part, it is the key content of the entire experiment.
"interesting."
Moreover, not only does it have excellent high temperature resistance, this material has a small thermal expansion coefficient and significant anisotropy in thermal conductivity.
However, as this was the first time in his life that he independently applied for a research project, and it was also the first project he applied for after coming to this institute, he was unwilling to give up so simply.
Yang Xu smiled a little bitterly and said tactfully: "I'm afraid this experiment is not easy to do."
Hearing these words, Lu Zhou sighed: "You are right, this is the key to the problem. Although this material is suitable in all aspects, the ability to withstand neutron radiation... Whether it will work or not depends on the specifics. You won’t know until you try it.”
However, at this moment, an idea suddenly flashed in Lu Zhou's mind, and he reached out and patted his forehead.
In contrast, the anisotropy of this new material's thermal properties is quite outstanding. Appropriately weakening the transfer of heat energy in the vertical cross-sectional direction can leave sufficient buffer time for the external cooling device.
He was even so desperate that he doubted his life.
Experts from the Nuclear Industry Group are still studying how to imitate it. If this only piece of equipment is broken, it will be lost.
That is, heat energy is easy to be transferred along the cross-sectional direction, but not easy to be transferred in the vertical cross-sectional direction!
If you count the number of failures, Hou Jinli has lost count of how many times he has failed.
However, its performance in thermal properties made him so excited that he couldn't help shouting in the laboratory.
In addition, it includes tensile strength and compressive strength, resistance to thermal stress, etc.
Without too many twists and turns, the experimental report was placed on Lu Zhou's desk the day after he handed it in...
However, although the thermodynamic problem has been basically solved, there is still a more critical issue here...
After all, this stellarator device is the only one in the country.
Judging from these data, this material can be said to be quite outstanding.
"Because of the liquid lithium neutron recovery system," Lu Zhou smiled and continued, "based on the thermal conductivity of carbon fiber composite materials, we have to consider adding a heat insulation layer between the carbon fiber composite materials and liquid lithium. Otherwise, it will cost 3,000 yuan." If the operating temperature is above 10 degrees, the liquid lithium layer we use to recover neutrons will be vaporized if we are not careful."
Testing the resistance to neutron radiation is one of the most difficult tasks in materials science.
…
As for the second part, it is the key content of the entire experiment.
Hearing these words, Lu Zhou sighed: "You are right, this is the key to the problem. Although this material is suitable in all aspects, the ability to withstand neutron radiation... Whether it will work or not depends on the specifics. You won’t know until you try it.”
Seeing the interested look on Lu Zhou's face, Yang Xu asked, "Is this the kind of material you need?"
It's not impossible in theory.
So after discovering that this porous network aerogel itself had no special value, he continued to study its performance in other dispersion media and dispersed phases, as well as its various properties when combined with other materials. Dig deeper.
The thermal conductivity is not good if it is too weak, and it is not good if it is too strong. From this point of view, carbon fiber seems to be a little too much.
"It's hard to say," Lu Zhou put down the experimental report in his hand and leaned on the office chair. "But this report does provide me with an idea."
Seeing the interested look on Lu Zhou's face, Yang Xu asked, "Is this the kind of material you need?"
According to the experimental results obtained from the high temperature resistance test, this special graphene-ceramic composite material can withstand a high temperature of 3200 degrees in an oxygen-free environment!
"interesting."
Yang Xu: "Thinking?"
Without too many twists and turns, the experimental report was placed on Lu Zhou's desk the day after he handed it in...
Although there is only one stellarator in China, there are still many tokamak devices...
"Yes," Lu Zhou nodded, and after thinking for a moment, he continued, "At first, I subjectively thought that ceramic materials were not suitable for the first wall because their heat dissipation performance was too poor, but from another perspective, This kind of heat transfer performance perpendicular to the interface is better if it is smaller."
Although he didn't know much about fusion engineering, Lu Zhou's explanation was quite simple, and Yang Xu immediately understood what he meant.
Select graphene oxide as the basic raw material, prepare a graphene oxide solution of 1~2 mg/ml, add a reducing agent, stir for 5~10 minutes, and allow it to reduce at 90-160°C for 30-45 minutes. Take it out immediately and put it in the freezer. Freeze it in the box for 4 hours, take it out and thaw it and continue to restore it at high temperature for 5 hours. Finally, wash it several times and dry it... This porous mesh aerogel can be obtained.
Compared with ordinary graphite materials, the feel of that waste material is really special.
The process is hopeless.
The process is hopeless.
But if you have to go on strike for a month to do an experiment, isn't the price too high
After all, this stellarator device is the only one in the country.
Yang Xu: "Why do you say that?"
However, although the thermodynamic problem has been basically solved, there is still a more critical issue here...
He was even so desperate that he doubted his life.
If you count the number of failures, Hou Jinli has lost count of how many times he has failed.
Thinking of this, Lu Zhou felt a little confused. He tapped his index finger on the table and weighed it in his mind.
However, this is the theory.
But in actual circumstances, the damage caused by neutron irradiation to materials is not only the transmutation of atoms and the destruction of internal chemical bonds, but also the destruction of the purest physical structure.
"Because of the liquid lithium neutron recovery system," Lu Zhou smiled and continued, "based on the thermal conductivity of carbon fiber composite materials, we have to consider adding a heat insulation layer between the carbon fiber composite materials and liquid lithium. Otherwise, it will cost 3,000 yuan." If the operating temperature is above 10 degrees, the liquid lithium layer we use to recover neutrons will be vaporized if we are not careful."
General radiation resistance experiments are fine. Bombardment of beryllium nuclei with alpha particles can release neutrons.
According to the experimental results obtained from the high temperature resistance test, this special graphene-ceramic composite material can withstand a high temperature of 3200 degrees in an oxygen-free environment!
The first part is about the preparation of this porous network aerogel.
The difference in operating temperatures between the two materials can be said to be one of the core difficulties in the entire reactor engineering.
However, although the thermodynamic problem has been basically solved, there is still a more critical issue here...
As for the heat dissipation of structural materials, it can also be solved by "inserting heat-conducting pipes into the structure and dissipating the heat transferred along the cross-sectional direction."
The thermal conductivity is not good if it is too weak, and it is not good if it is too strong. From this point of view, carbon fiber seems to be a little too much.
Judging from these data, this material can be said to be quite outstanding.
The only trouble is...
In contrast, the anisotropy of this new material's thermal properties is quite outstanding. Appropriately weakening the transfer of heat energy in the vertical cross-sectional direction can leave sufficient buffer time for the external cooling device.
…
Select graphene oxide as the basic raw material, prepare a graphene oxide solution of 1~2 mg/ml, add a reducing agent, stir for 5~10 minutes, and allow it to reduce at 90-160°C for 30-45 minutes. Take it out immediately and put it in the freezer. Freeze it in the box for 4 hours, take it out and thaw it and continue to restore it at high temperature for 5 hours. Finally, wash it several times and dry it... This porous mesh aerogel can be obtained.
From a microstructure perspective, this material can be abstracted into a honeycomb graphene layer connected in the middle of the ceramic layer, and these honeycomb graphene molecules are closely bonded with SiC molecules.
Although many interesting inventions are born by chance, this chance came too unexpectedly.
As for the heat dissipation of structural materials, it can also be solved by "inserting heat-conducting pipes into the structure and dissipating the heat transferred along the cross-sectional direction."
Although the pulse ignition is not restrained for a long time, it can still ignite at least!
Testing the resistance to neutron radiation is one of the most difficult tasks in materials science.
The first part is about the preparation of this porous network aerogel.
As for the latter, theoretical analysis is basically useless, and conclusions can only be drawn through experiments.
Although he didn't know much about fusion engineering, Lu Zhou's explanation was quite simple, and Yang Xu immediately understood what he meant.
That's even more nonsense. I haven't heard of anyone who can directly accelerate neutrons. If someone really does it, I'm afraid the entire theoretical physics community will have to call him dad.
But in actual circumstances, the damage caused by neutron irradiation to materials is not only the transmutation of atoms and the destruction of internal chemical bonds, but also the destruction of the purest physical structure.
I was just thinking about how to mess with my stellarator, but I forgot about the tokamak.
As a toughening agent itself, the performance of this porous network aerogel is not superior, at least compared to other similar materials.
However, at this moment, an idea suddenly flashed in Lu Zhou's mind, and he reached out and patted his forehead.
As for indirect acceleration (deuteron method), there is one, but in fact, to obtain the energy of neutrons, it is better to directly shoot alpha particles into beryllium metal foil. The only advantage of the former is that it is slightly more stable in the direction of generating neutron beams.
However, although the thermodynamic problem has been basically solved, there is still a more critical issue here...
As for the heat dissipation of structural materials, it can also be solved by "inserting heat-conducting pipes into the structure and dissipating the heat transferred along the cross-sectional direction."
It's not impossible in theory.
Hou Jinli couldn't wait to write the experimental results into a report, and handed it over to the institute.
Whether it is silicon carbide or graphene, the nuclei of carbon and silicon are still very stable, and the C-Si covalent bond is far more stable than metallic bonds. At the same time, the transmittance of both materials to neutron beams is also considerable.
Hearing these words, Lu Zhou sighed: "You are right, this is the key to the problem. Although this material is suitable in all aspects, the ability to withstand neutron radiation... Whether it will work or not depends on the specifics. You won’t know until you try it.”
The only trouble is...
As for the second part, it is the key content of the entire experiment.
"What about the ability to withstand neutron irradiation? This is the most critical thing."
As for the second part, it is the key content of the entire experiment.
That's even more nonsense. I haven't heard of anyone who can directly accelerate neutrons. If someone really does it, I'm afraid the entire theoretical physics community will have to call him dad.
Initially, when he was preparing SG-1 materials in the laboratory, he was attracted by the waste materials accidentally produced by the experiment.
So after discovering that this porous network aerogel itself had no special value, he continued to study its performance in other dispersion media and dispersed phases, as well as its various properties when combined with other materials. Dig deeper.
"What about the ability to withstand neutron irradiation? This is the most critical thing."
Hearing these words, Lu Zhou sighed: "You are right, this is the key to the problem. Although this material is suitable in all aspects, the ability to withstand neutron radiation... Whether it will work or not depends on the specifics. You won’t know until you try it.”
Hou Jinli couldn't wait to write the experimental results into a report, and handed it over to the institute.
Even if you go to Daya Bay, the irradiation level of the nuclear fission nuclear power plant is two orders of magnitude different from the irradiation level of the fusion reaction!
As for the latter, theoretical analysis is basically useless, and conclusions can only be drawn through experiments.
There is no way to try this thing.
General radiation resistance experiments are fine. Bombardment of beryllium nuclei with alpha particles can release neutrons.
To be honest, this result somewhat disappointed him. After all, porous network aerogels prepared from graphene are not a new research result. It can even be said that similar materials have been used in some electrode materials.
Whether it is silicon carbide or graphene, the nuclei of carbon and silicon are still very stable, and the C-Si covalent bond is far more stable than metallic bonds. At the same time, the transmittance of both materials to neutron beams is also considerable.
Where can I find such experimental equipment to continuously bombard samples with 14 MeV neutrons
"It's hard to say," Lu Zhou put down the experimental report in his hand and leaned on the office chair. "But this report does provide me with an idea."
Although the pulse ignition is not restrained for a long time, it can still ignite at least!
However, this is the theory.
"What about the ability to withstand neutron irradiation? This is the most critical thing."
If you count the number of failures, Hou Jinli has lost count of how many times he has failed.
Hearing these words, Lu Zhou sighed: "You are right, this is the key to the problem. Although this material is suitable in all aspects, the ability to withstand neutron radiation... Whether it will work or not depends on the specifics. You won’t know until you try it.”
Although he didn't know much about fusion engineering, Lu Zhou's explanation was quite simple, and Yang Xu immediately understood what he meant.
Compared with ordinary graphite materials, the feel of that waste material is really special.
Initially, when he was preparing SG-1 materials in the laboratory, he was attracted by the waste materials accidentally produced by the experiment.
According to the experimental results obtained from the high temperature resistance test, this special graphene-ceramic composite material can withstand a high temperature of 3200 degrees in an oxygen-free environment!
But in actual circumstances, the damage caused by neutron irradiation to materials is not only the transmutation of atoms and the destruction of internal chemical bonds, but also the destruction of the purest physical structure.
From a microstructure perspective, this material can be abstracted into a honeycomb graphene layer connected in the middle of the ceramic layer, and these honeycomb graphene molecules are closely bonded with SiC molecules.
Although there is only one stellarator in China, there are still many tokamak devices...
Thinking of this, Lu Zhou felt a little confused. He tapped his index finger on the table and weighed it in his mind.
The report content is divided into two parts.
"What about the ability to withstand neutron irradiation? This is the most critical thing."
However, this is the theory.
Whether it is silicon carbide or graphene, the nuclei of carbon and silicon are still very stable, and the C-Si covalent bond is far more stable than metallic bonds. At the same time, the transmittance of both materials to neutron beams is also considerable.
As for the latter, theoretical analysis is basically useless, and conclusions can only be drawn through experiments.
However, although the thermodynamic problem has been basically solved, there is still a more critical issue here...
Experts from the Nuclear Industry Group are still studying how to imitate it. If this only piece of equipment is broken, it will be lost.
That is, heat energy is easy to be transferred along the cross-sectional direction, but not easy to be transferred in the vertical cross-sectional direction!
The above are all conclusions drawn from the experience he accumulated in experiments. Finally, through systematic research, he discovered that the reason why this waste is special is the layer of porous mesh condensed on its surface. Airgel barrier.
From a microstructure perspective, this material can be abstracted into a honeycomb graphene layer connected in the middle of the ceramic layer, and these honeycomb graphene molecules are closely bonded with SiC molecules.
It's not impossible in theory.
The only trouble is...
That's even more nonsense. I haven't heard of anyone who can directly accelerate neutrons. If someone really does it, I'm afraid the entire theoretical physics community will have to call him dad.
As for the latter, theoretical analysis is basically useless, and conclusions can only be drawn through experiments.
Compared with ordinary graphite materials, the feel of that waste material is really special.
There is no way to try this thing.
In contrast, the anisotropy of this new material's thermal properties is quite outstanding. Appropriately weakening the transfer of heat energy in the vertical cross-sectional direction can leave sufficient buffer time for the external cooling device.
The only trouble is...
Yang Xu smiled a little bitterly and said tactfully: "I'm afraid this experiment is not easy to do."
Compared with ordinary graphite materials, the feel of that waste material is really special.
Although there is only one stellarator in China, there are still many tokamak devices...
"Yes," Lu Zhou nodded, and after thinking for a moment, he continued, "At first, I subjectively thought that ceramic materials were not suitable for the first wall because their heat dissipation performance was too poor, but from another perspective, This kind of heat transfer performance perpendicular to the interface is better if it is smaller."
Experts from the Nuclear Industry Group are still studying how to imitate it. If this only piece of equipment is broken, it will be lost.
As for the accelerator…
The report content is divided into two parts.
To be honest, this result somewhat disappointed him. After all, porous network aerogels prepared from graphene are not a new research result. It can even be said that similar materials have been used in some electrode materials.
Testing the resistance to neutron radiation is one of the most difficult tasks in materials science.
Select graphene oxide as the basic raw material, prepare a graphene oxide solution of 1~2 mg/ml, add a reducing agent, stir for 5~10 minutes, and allow it to reduce at 90-160°C for 30-45 minutes. Take it out immediately and put it in the freezer. Freeze it in the box for 4 hours, take it out and thaw it and continue to restore it at high temperature for 5 hours. Finally, wash it several times and dry it... This porous mesh aerogel can be obtained.
However, this is the theory.
In the experiment, Hou Jinli's research team chemically bonded this porous network aerogel prepared from graphene material to the SIC ceramic layer through the process of atomic layer deposition, and thus obtained a graphene with a special structure. —Ceramic composite materials.
…
Using this porous network aerogel prepared from graphene as a toughening agent combined with silicon carbide ceramics has produced unexpected miraculous effects!
Experts from the Nuclear Industry Group are still studying how to imitate it. If this only piece of equipment is broken, it will be lost.
"Because of the liquid lithium neutron recovery system," Lu Zhou smiled and continued, "based on the thermal conductivity of carbon fiber composite materials, we have to consider adding a heat insulation layer between the carbon fiber composite materials and liquid lithium. Otherwise, it will cost 3,000 yuan." If the operating temperature is above 10 degrees, the liquid lithium layer we use to recover neutrons will be vaporized if we are not careful."
General radiation resistance experiments are fine. Bombardment of beryllium nuclei with alpha particles can release neutrons.
Hearing these words, Lu Zhou sighed: "You are right, this is the key to the problem. Although this material is suitable in all aspects, the ability to withstand neutron radiation... Whether it will work or not depends on the specifics. You won’t know until you try it.”
"It's hard to say," Lu Zhou put down the experimental report in his hand and leaned on the office chair. "But this report does provide me with an idea."
However, at this moment, an idea suddenly flashed in Lu Zhou's mind, and he reached out and patted his forehead.
So after discovering that this porous network aerogel itself had no special value, he continued to study its performance in other dispersion media and dispersed phases, as well as its various properties when combined with other materials. Dig deeper.
As for the latter, theoretical analysis is basically useless, and conclusions can only be drawn through experiments.
As for the accelerator…
It's not impossible in theory.
As for indirect acceleration (deuteron method), there is one, but in fact, to obtain the energy of neutrons, it is better to directly shoot alpha particles into beryllium metal foil. The only advantage of the former is that it is slightly more stable in the direction of generating neutron beams.
It can even be said that the most important reason why it is difficult to conduct research on the first wall materials of controllable fusion reactors is that there is no equipment that can test the radiation resistance of the materials.
However, as this was the first time in his life that he independently applied for a research project, and it was also the first project he applied for after coming to this institute, he was unwilling to give up so simply.
To be honest, this result somewhat disappointed him. After all, porous network aerogels prepared from graphene are not a new research result. It can even be said that similar materials have been used in some electrode materials.
Where can I find such experimental equipment to continuously bombard samples with 14 MeV neutrons
Looking at the experimental report in his hand, Lu Zhou had a look of interest on his face.
Ordinary neutron sources simply cannot reach this level.
"Yes," Lu Zhou nodded, and after thinking for a moment, he continued, "At first, I subjectively thought that ceramic materials were not suitable for the first wall because their heat dissipation performance was too poor, but from another perspective, This kind of heat transfer performance perpendicular to the interface is better if it is smaller."
Yang Xu: "Why do you say that?"
As for indirect acceleration (deuteron method), there is one, but in fact, to obtain the energy of neutrons, it is better to directly shoot alpha particles into beryllium metal foil. The only advantage of the former is that it is slightly more stable in the direction of generating neutron beams.
In contrast, the anisotropy of this new material's thermal properties is quite outstanding. Appropriately weakening the transfer of heat energy in the vertical cross-sectional direction can leave sufficient buffer time for the external cooling device.
Although he didn't know much about fusion engineering, Lu Zhou's explanation was quite simple, and Yang Xu immediately understood what he meant.
Although there is only one stellarator in China, there are still many tokamak devices...
Ordinary neutron sources simply cannot reach this level.
Compared with ordinary graphite materials, the feel of that waste material is really special.
Even if you go to Daya Bay, the irradiation level of the nuclear fission nuclear power plant is two orders of magnitude different from the irradiation level of the fusion reaction!
Moreover, not only does it have excellent high temperature resistance, this material has a small thermal expansion coefficient and significant anisotropy in thermal conductivity.
To be honest, this result somewhat disappointed him. After all, porous network aerogels prepared from graphene are not a new research result. It can even be said that similar materials have been used in some electrode materials.
From a microstructure perspective, this material can be abstracted into a honeycomb graphene layer connected in the middle of the ceramic layer, and these honeycomb graphene molecules are closely bonded with SiC molecules.
As for indirect acceleration (deuteron method), there is one, but in fact, to obtain the energy of neutrons, it is better to directly shoot alpha particles into beryllium metal foil. The only advantage of the former is that it is slightly more stable in the direction of generating neutron beams.
However, at this moment, an idea suddenly flashed in Lu Zhou's mind, and he reached out and patted his forehead.
Even if you go to Daya Bay, the irradiation level of the nuclear fission nuclear power plant is two orders of magnitude different from the irradiation level of the fusion reaction!
Let the STAR device "force" again
Using this porous network aerogel prepared from graphene as a toughening agent combined with silicon carbide ceramics has produced unexpected miraculous effects!
But in actual circumstances, the damage caused by neutron irradiation to materials is not only the transmutation of atoms and the destruction of internal chemical bonds, but also the destruction of the purest physical structure.
I was just thinking about how to mess with my stellarator, but I forgot about the tokamak.
However, this is the theory.
Compared with ordinary graphite materials, the feel of that waste material is really special.
Experts from the Nuclear Industry Group are still studying how to imitate it. If this only piece of equipment is broken, it will be lost.
As for the accelerator…
Yang Xu: "Thinking?"
The thermal conductivity is not good if it is too weak, and it is not good if it is too strong. From this point of view, carbon fiber seems to be a little too much.
As for indirect acceleration (deuteron method), there is one, but in fact, to obtain the energy of neutrons, it is better to directly shoot alpha particles into beryllium metal foil. The only advantage of the former is that it is slightly more stable in the direction of generating neutron beams.
Testing the resistance to neutron radiation is one of the most difficult tasks in materials science.
But if you have to go on strike for a month to do an experiment, isn't the price too high
However, at this moment, an idea suddenly flashed in Lu Zhou's mind, and he reached out and patted his forehead.
However, its performance in thermal properties made him so excited that he couldn't help shouting in the laboratory.
Whether it is silicon carbide or graphene, the nuclei of carbon and silicon are still very stable, and the C-Si covalent bond is far more stable than metallic bonds. At the same time, the transmittance of both materials to neutron beams is also considerable.
That's even more nonsense. I haven't heard of anyone who can directly accelerate neutrons. If someone really does it, I'm afraid the entire theoretical physics community will have to call him dad.
Compared with ordinary graphite materials, the feel of that waste material is really special.
Although he didn't know much about fusion engineering, Lu Zhou's explanation was quite simple, and Yang Xu immediately understood what he meant.
However, this is the theory.
Yang Xu: "Thinking?"
As for indirect acceleration (deuteron method), there is one, but in fact, to obtain the energy of neutrons, it is better to directly shoot alpha particles into beryllium metal foil. The only advantage of the former is that it is slightly more stable in the direction of generating neutron beams.
Yang Xu: "Why do you say that?"
Seeing the interested look on Lu Zhou's face, Yang Xu asked, "Is this the kind of material you need?"
Thinking of this, Lu Zhou felt a little confused. He tapped his index finger on the table and weighed it in his mind.
Although there is only one stellarator in China, there are still many tokamak devices...
Where can I find such experimental equipment to continuously bombard samples with 14 MeV neutrons
Hou Jinli couldn't wait to write the experimental results into a report, and handed it over to the institute.
Moreover, not only does it have excellent high temperature resistance, this material has a small thermal expansion coefficient and significant anisotropy in thermal conductivity.
Let the STAR device "force" again
In contrast, the anisotropy of this new material's thermal properties is quite outstanding. Appropriately weakening the transfer of heat energy in the vertical cross-sectional direction can leave sufficient buffer time for the external cooling device.
I was just thinking about how to mess with my stellarator, but I forgot about the tokamak.
As for indirect acceleration (deuteron method), there is one, but in fact, to obtain the energy of neutrons, it is better to directly shoot alpha particles into beryllium metal foil. The only advantage of the former is that it is slightly more stable in the direction of generating neutron beams.
However, this is the theory.
It's not impossible in theory.
Fortunately, he didn't give up the last time.
I was just thinking about how to mess with my stellarator, but I forgot about the tokamak.
But if you have to go on strike for a month to do an experiment, isn't the price too high
Hearing these words, Lu Zhou sighed: "You are right, this is the key to the problem. Although this material is suitable in all aspects, the ability to withstand neutron radiation... Whether it will work or not depends on the specifics. You won’t know until you try it.”
Even if you go to Daya Bay, the irradiation level of the nuclear fission nuclear power plant is two orders of magnitude different from the irradiation level of the fusion reaction!
After all, this stellarator device is the only one in the country.
As for indirect acceleration (deuteron method), there is one, but in fact, to obtain the energy of neutrons, it is better to directly shoot alpha particles into beryllium metal foil. The only advantage of the former is that it is slightly more stable in the direction of generating neutron beams.
Whether it is silicon carbide or graphene, the nuclei of carbon and silicon are still very stable, and the C-Si covalent bond is far more stable than metallic bonds. At the same time, the transmittance of both materials to neutron beams is also considerable.
Experts from the Nuclear Industry Group are still studying how to imitate it. If this only piece of equipment is broken, it will be lost.
Testing the resistance to neutron radiation is one of the most difficult tasks in materials science.
However, although the thermodynamic problem has been basically solved, there is still a more critical issue here...
The only trouble is...
After all, this stellarator device is the only one in the country.
So after discovering that this porous network aerogel itself had no special value, he continued to study its performance in other dispersion media and dispersed phases, as well as its various properties when combined with other materials. Dig deeper.
However, at this moment, an idea suddenly flashed in Lu Zhou's mind, and he reached out and patted his forehead.
As for indirect acceleration (deuteron method), there is one, but in fact, to obtain the energy of neutrons, it is better to directly shoot alpha particles into beryllium metal foil. The only advantage of the former is that it is slightly more stable in the direction of generating neutron beams.
Seeing the interested look on Lu Zhou's face, Yang Xu asked, "Is this the kind of material you need?"
It's not impossible in theory.
It can even be said that the most important reason why it is difficult to conduct research on the first wall materials of controllable fusion reactors is that there is no equipment that can test the radiation resistance of the materials.
The above are all conclusions drawn from the experience he accumulated in experiments. Finally, through systematic research, he discovered that the reason why this waste is special is the layer of porous mesh condensed on its surface. Airgel barrier.
However, this is the theory.
As for the latter, theoretical analysis is basically useless, and conclusions can only be drawn through experiments.
Select graphene oxide as the basic raw material, prepare a graphene oxide solution of 1~2 mg/ml, add a reducing agent, stir for 5~10 minutes, and allow it to reduce at 90-160°C for 30-45 minutes. Take it out immediately and put it in the freezer. Freeze it in the box for 4 hours, take it out and thaw it and continue to restore it at high temperature for 5 hours. Finally, wash it several times and dry it... This porous mesh aerogel can be obtained.
MMP!
However, its performance in thermal properties made him so excited that he couldn't help shouting in the laboratory.
As for indirect acceleration (deuteron method), there is one, but in fact, to obtain the energy of neutrons, it is better to directly shoot alpha particles into beryllium metal foil. The only advantage of the former is that it is slightly more stable in the direction of generating neutron beams.
Thinking of this, Lu Zhou felt a little confused. He tapped his index finger on the table and weighed it in his mind.
Although many interesting inventions are born by chance, this chance came too unexpectedly.
I was just thinking about how to mess with my stellarator, but I forgot about the tokamak.
Select graphene oxide as the basic raw material, prepare a graphene oxide solution of 1~2 mg/ml, add a reducing agent, stir for 5~10 minutes, and allow it to reduce at 90-160°C for 30-45 minutes. Take it out immediately and put it in the freezer. Freeze it in the box for 4 hours, take it out and thaw it and continue to restore it at high temperature for 5 hours. Finally, wash it several times and dry it... This porous mesh aerogel can be obtained.
"It's hard to say," Lu Zhou put down the experimental report in his hand and leaned on the office chair. "But this report does provide me with an idea."
"Because of the liquid lithium neutron recovery system," Lu Zhou smiled and continued, "based on the thermal conductivity of carbon fiber composite materials, we have to consider adding a heat insulation layer between the carbon fiber composite materials and liquid lithium. Otherwise, it will cost 3,000 yuan." If the operating temperature is above 10 degrees, the liquid lithium layer we use to recover neutrons will be vaporized if we are not careful."
Testing the resistance to neutron radiation is one of the most difficult tasks in materials science.
Although the pulse ignition is not restrained for a long time, it can still ignite at least!
Although there is only one stellarator in China, there are still many tokamak devices...
But in actual circumstances, the damage caused by neutron irradiation to materials is not only the transmutation of atoms and the destruction of internal chemical bonds, but also the destruction of the purest physical structure.
Although he didn't know much about fusion engineering, Lu Zhou's explanation was quite simple, and Yang Xu immediately understood what he meant.
If you count the number of failures, Hou Jinli has lost count of how many times he has failed.
Thinking of this, Lu Zhou felt a little confused. He tapped his index finger on the table and weighed it in his mind.
Although there is only one stellarator in China, there are still many tokamak devices...
"interesting."
"interesting."
To be honest, this result somewhat disappointed him. After all, porous network aerogels prepared from graphene are not a new research result. It can even be said that similar materials have been used in some electrode materials.
However, at this moment, an idea suddenly flashed in Lu Zhou's mind, and he reached out and patted his forehead.
Select graphene oxide as the basic raw material, prepare a graphene oxide solution of 1~2 mg/ml, add a reducing agent, stir for 5~10 minutes, and allow it to reduce at 90-160°C for 30-45 minutes. Take it out immediately and put it in the freezer. Freeze it in the box for 4 hours, take it out and thaw it and continue to restore it at high temperature for 5 hours. Finally, wash it several times and dry it... This porous mesh aerogel can be obtained.
In the experiment, Hou Jinli's research team chemically bonded this porous network aerogel prepared from graphene material to the SIC ceramic layer through the process of atomic layer deposition, and thus obtained a graphene with a special structure. —Ceramic composite materials.
However, its performance in thermal properties made him so excited that he couldn't help shouting in the laboratory.