The application for web page access is completed by a data packet, and the length of a data packet is 256b, which determines that a data packet can only have 13 blocks, which fundamentally limits the number of root domain name servers. That is to say, there can only be 13 root name servers. In past lives, 10 were in the US, 2 were in Europe, and 1 was in Japan.
Since the top-level domain name ".iq" in Iraq was blocked, countries around the world have been in a state of panic. Out of consideration for Internet information security, other countries in the world have established their own Internet emergency security systems.
cnnic (China Internet Network Information Center) is China's leading figure in this action. As China's domain name management agency, cnnic has made several major moves: before the establishment of cnnic, it moved the cn domain name server from Germany back to China, which is the premise of mastering the dominance of national domain names; in 2003, cnnic began to explore ideas to market means to promote cn domain names; in 2006, cnnic opened five top-level nodes and implemented disaster preparedness management. As long as the website uses cn domain names, even if all international lines are interrupted, cnnic has emergency measures to ensure its resolution; Domain name China mirror server" (roughly speaking, the mirror server is the clone server of the original root server), which means that in the future, Chinese netizens will no longer need to detour to the United States when visiting any website with . and . Complete the access request, which will fundamentally improve the speed of domestic network access. However, the results of DNS resolution will eventually be aggregated to the root name server.
That is to say, China does not have a root domain name server for a day. No matter how many more mirror servers are added, it will only improve the speed of Internet users' access to web pages. The security problem is still not completely solved. The United States, which has 10 root domain name servers, can still obtain The relevant data of China's Internet DNS resolution is a very big threat to China's national security.
The number of Chinese netizens is the largest in the world, but China does not have a root domain name server, which is very embarrassing.
There are only two ways for China to have its own root domain name server. One is to transplant it from a country that currently has a root domain name server, and the other is to change the status quo that the application for web page access is completed by one data package. Transplantation is impossible because the United States will not give it, and other countries are not rich. It is even more impossible to change the technical mode of a data packet, because the scope and technical changes involved are too large to be realistic.
Officially released on June 23, 2015, Liu Dong, director of the China Next Generation Internet Engineering Center and the first executive chairman of the "Snowman Project", believes that the "Snowman Project" will break the root server dilemma, and the global Internet is expected to achieve multilateral co-governance. The "Snowman Project" first proposed and implemented the next-generation Internet root server technical solution of "one naming system, multiple addressing methods", breaking the "sacred and inviolable" and "unchangeable number" of operators who stick to the existing 13 root servers. It can introduce more root server operators, and at the same time, it can ensure that a naming system is not destroyed, and truly realize the vision of "one world, one Internet" of multi-party co-governance. However, although the idea is good, it may take many years of hard work to realize it.
As far as Li Zetian is now, on January 1, 1985, the United States officially opened domain name registration, and the first domain name on the Internet was nordu registered on January 1, 1985. No one can imagine what the future Internet will be like? ! If Li Zetian hadn't come over from 2016, he wouldn't have known that the Internet and domain names are so important. Therefore, in the beginning, the United States did not take root name servers very seriously, and this was a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to establish a root name server in Hong Kong. And at this moment, the United States and the Soviet Union are in a cold war. In order to win over China and isolate the Soviet Union, China and the United States are on good terms, and they are in the period of their honeymoon.
On January 12, 1985, Li Zetian went to Sprint on a business trip.
Right now, Li Zetian has no excuse to let the United States allow it to establish a root server in Hong Kong, but once the submarine optical cable between Hong Kong and the United States is successfully built, first let the subsidiary in Hong Kong apply for a domain name, and then Li Zetian can say that in order to improve the network of the Hong Kong company For access speed, a root server needs to be established in Hong Kong…
"Mr·li, here you are!" said Edgar Carr, CEO of sprint.
Li Zetian nodded, and the two started chatting in the office.
Li Zetian asked about the construction progress of the submarine optical cable project.
Edgar Carr replied: "Sprint has been preparing since last year. So far, half of the submarine optical cable project from the coast of California to Hong Kong has been completed. It is expected to be completed by the end of this year. The nsf network in the United States and the Arpanet connection."
Li Zetian smiled, very satisfied.
The submarine optical cable project is recognized by all countries as a complex and difficult large-scale project, and it is not easy to build.
First of all, the design of the submarine optical cable must ensure that the optical fiber is not affected by external forces and the environment, and can adapt to the environment such as submarine pressure, wear, corrosion, and biology. There must be a suitable armor layer to prevent the damage of fishing trawls, anchors and sharks. When the optical cable breaks, Minimize the length of seawater infiltrating into the optical cable; can prevent hydrogen from penetrating into the optical cable from the outside and prevent hydrogen from being generated inside; has a low-resistance remote power supply circuit; can withstand the tension during laying and recovery; the service life is generally required to be in 25+ years.
Then during the laying process, the ship kept moving forward, and then used the underwater robot to dig a ditch, put the optical cable in, and then washed the sediment back with the underwater robot to cover the optical cable, and then kept moving forward. The boat is first connected and then sealed before continuing to lay. If the water is too deep for the underwater robot to operate, then the submarine optical cable must be laid on the seabed surface by its own weight.
Li Zetian said very firmly: "With the increase of international communication business, the importance of submarine optical cable becomes more and more important, and it will undertake most of the international communication business and become the main carrier of global information communication. Although there are other methods such as satellite , microwave can be used as a supplement, but it cannot replace submarine optical cables, because their channels are limited, that is, the "frequency band" of wireless communication is often said to be limited. Therefore, for now, submarine optical cables will be the best solution for international communication! "
Edgar Caldao: "Yes, mr·li, I agree with your point of view. Compared with terrestrial optical cables, submarine optical cables also have many advantages: First, they do not need to dig trenches or use brackets for laying. Second, except for the landing area, most of the submarine cables are on the seabed at a certain depth, and are not damaged by the natural environment such as wind and waves and interfered by human production activities. Therefore, the submarine cables are safe, stable, and anti-interference. Capable and confidential. It's a cheaper and safer way to communicate for a wide range of users!"
Li Zetian said with a smile: "That's right, so sprint will vigorously build submarine optical cables. Hong Kong is only the first stop. After that, there will be Europe, Japan, South Korea, Australia, South America and other regions waiting for us to expand the market."
"Yes!" Edgar Carr nodded.
Next, Li Zetian took a look at sprint's business. Sprint's main business is local telephone calls. Now it is building and laying fiber optic cables. Naturally, it is preparing to enter the long-distance telephone business. When the Internet rises, it will be able to provide Internet access services.
Everything is so natural.
Li Zetian suddenly remembered something and asked, "Do you know anything about gsm?"
"Understood! This is a new standardization organization established by the European Post and Telecommunications Conference, whose purpose is to formulate the technical specifications of the European 900mhz digital tdma cellular mobile communication system (gsm system), so that European mobile phone users can automatically roam in Europe. gsm The development is very fast. At present, 11 pan-European countries have provided 8 experimental systems and a large number of technical achievements for gsm, and have reached a consensus on the main technical specifications of gsm." After a pause, Edgar Carr said My own opinion, "In my opinion, gsm is very likely to replace the first-generation mobile communication technology based on analog technology and become the second-generation mobile communication technology standard!"
While speaking, Edgar Carr observed his words and finally asked: "mr.li, are you planning to let sprint enter the mobile communication business?"
Li Zetian smiled and nodded: "Yes, there is this plan. In my opinion, mobile communication is the main way of making calls in the future!"
Edgar Carr nodded and said, "I understand, then I will contact the gsm organization later, and strive to commercialize gsm in the United States as soon as possible!"
Li Zetian neither objected nor agreed, but continued to ask: "Do you know anything about cdma?"
Edgar Carr frowned slightly, thought about it, and replied: "cdma is a spread spectrum multiple access digital communication technology. During the Second World War, it was widely used in military anti-jamming communication..."
Seeing his expression, Li Zetian knew that he didn't know much about cdma technology. "Qualcomm should be established this year, right?" Li Zetian thought to himself.