"The Judicial Yuan? The National Defense Yuan?" The ministers muttered. They seemed to have never seen these two terms. Naturally, they didn't know the specific affairs of the two houses.
"The Judicial Yuan is the original Ministry of Criminal Justice. It is responsible for hearing influential cases across the country. President Qiao Yunsheng and Vice President Tang Jishi." Zhu Youjian stopped the ministers' comments. "The Judicial Yuan exercises judicial power independently. The other two courts No interference is allowed, even if someone commits a crime in the Government Affairs Council or the National Defense Council, the Judicial Yuan shall independently try it."
"..." The ministers took a sigh of relief. It seems that Zhu Youjian has cut off the corruption of officials and the Judicial Yuan is independent. If officials commit a crime, there will be no intercession in the future.
"The subordinate organs of the Judicial Yuan are the courts of the provinces... The provincial level will also be reformed. The original sentence was referred to the prosecutors and renamed the courts. The courts are no longer under the jurisdiction of the provincial chiefs, but directly under the leadership of the Judicial Yuan. Independently exercise the jurisdiction of a province."
"Your Majesty, Daming's judiciary is completely independent as a court?"
"Yes, the judiciary is independent and free from the interference of administrative officials at all levels. In fact, officials can't interfere. The personnel rights and economic transfer powers of courts at all levels are only under the jurisdiction of the higher courts." Zhu Youjian asked: " Is this a restriction on the Council of State Affairs?"
"..." The ministers looked at each other. Once the judiciary is independent, let alone ordinary officials, the Prime Minister of the Council of State, if you commit a crime, you can only put yourself in the hands of the Judicial Yuan. Is there any difference
"Of course, the Judicial Yuan itself cannot override Da Ming's law. They must base their trial on the law. The Ministry of Supervision cannot interfere, but it can supervise. When necessary, our Jinyiwei will also supervise. Trial work of courts at all levels."
With the supervision of the Ministry of Supervision, the ministers are a little relieved that the Ministry of Supervision is also a member of the Government Administration Council.
"I still have another restriction on the Government Affairs Council, that is, the National Defense Council, President Li Chunye, and Vice President Wang Zaijin.” Zhu Youjian paused for a while. “The National Defense Council is in charge of the nation’s military independently, and all of the Ming’s military is directly subject to national defense. The jurisdiction of the court."
"The minister thank you for your majesty's trust, and the minister's heart and soul to repay your majesty!" Li Chunye could not kneel down at the court chief. He already understood Zhu Youjian's internal affairs design. This chief of national defense is the same name as the Premier of the Council of Government and the President of the Judicial Yuan. The three high-ranking officials in China have different divisions of labor and mutual restraint, while the chief of defense, who controls the national army, seems to have greater power.
"Hou Zhiping! Let me talk about the composition of the National Defense Agency." Zhu Youjian raised his hand to Li Chunye and motioned him to stand up. "In addition to controlling the nation's military, the National Defense Agency has three departments: the Ministry of the Army, the Ministry of the Navy, Staff."
"The War Department, the Navy Department, the General Staff?" The ministers began to discuss again. From the name, they could understand the general idea, but not many people knew about the General Staff.
"All Aiqing, the Secretary of the Army is Yan Mingtai, and the Secretary of the Navy is Qin Yongnian. These two departments are in charge of the army and the navy. As for the staff, the minister is Cao Wenzhao." In peacetime, we formulate military laws and training programs for the army, and provide military information to the frontline army during the war, guaranteeing grain, equipment, and reserve personnel, but cannot mobilize and direct the army."
"Your Majesty, is this National Defense Council also not under the jurisdiction of the Government Affairs Council?"
"Yes, the'three houses are separated, they are not under each other, separate powers, and restrict each other'. This is the basis of the'three houses and ten departments system'."
"The imperial court is designed like this, then your majesty..."
"I am the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, so naturally I have to control the entire Ming Dynasty. I share the power of government affairs with the Government Administration Council, the judicial power with the Judicial Yuan, and the military power with the National Defense Council. In addition, the chief officials of the three houses are directly controlled by me. Appointment, when necessary, I will also directly appoint chief officials of various ministries, governors of various provinces, and commanders of various military forces."
"So that's it!" The ministers realized that Zhu Youjian is still above all power, and it really is the supremacy of the emperor.
"At different time points, my work focuses differently. This year, my main energy is on road construction in the five northern provinces, and next year, I may be in charge of compulsory education in the five northern provinces."
The "three courts and ten ministries system" carefully constructed by Zhu Youjian gave the imperial court a complete framework. He himself could be completely liberated from the cumbersome government affairs. With the identity and prestige of the emperor, he was responsible for certain specific affairs. Promote the all-round development of Daming with some points.
He still has another idea that he can only hide in his heart for the time being. According to this system, if there is no emperor, the court can still operate normally. In the future, the transition to the emperor's absence or the emperor's ignorance will be a matter of course.
Only by truly breaking the hereditary lineage can it be possible to revive Daming.
"The provincial reforms your Majesty just mentioned..."
"Provincial reforms, first of all, the Meng Yuan’s brand is too deep, so it’s better to replace it with a succinct “province”. There are 15 provinces in the north, central and south, plus the five provinces outside the customs. Daming now has a total of 15 provinces. Twenty provinces, but the five provinces outside the customs are now under'military control' and are not included in the reforms for the time being."
The ministers then remembered that Daming is no longer the original 15 provinces. The additional five provinces outside the customs are all masterpieces of Zhu Youjian. No wonder he has the means and prestige to reform.
"The establishment of local administrative agencies at the provincial level is similar to that of the central government. There are one governor, president of the court, and one soldier in charge of the administrative affairs, trials, and reserve armaments of a province. They are divided by the Ministry of Personnel, Judicial Yuan, and Appointment and removal of the staff of the National Defense Agency."
"Your Majesty, the governor of that province can't manage the recruitment of troops in this province?"
"The establishment of the institution in this way is not only to allow officials to restrain each other, but also to free the governor from trial and military affairs, specialize in civil affairs, strive to improve the living standards of the people, assist the development of the province's industry and commerce, and improve the province's economic situation. "Zhu Youjian breathed a sigh of relief. "Under the governor, ten departments will be set up in accordance with the ten departments of the State Council. The directors of each department are appointed and removed by the governor and are accountable to the governor."
"Your Majesty, where is the prefecture?"
"Funds and counties set up corresponding institutions in the same way as provinces, but the county level can set up fewer institutions that are temporarily unnecessary in the county based on the actual situation of the county."
Everyone was silent. Except for the officials who have been appointed, everyone else must have changed their positions, or even pay tribute to them, but no one can control their own destiny.
Zhu Youjian continued to govern: "In addition, I intend to abolish the two Zhili provinces in the north and the south, and the six Nanjing departments, so that the two Zhili provinces will become ordinary provinces."
"Your Majesty, the status of the North and South Zhili in Daming is too important, so you must be careful."
"I will naturally attach importance to the two Beijings... I also plan to build a cement road between the north and the south to strengthen the connection between the two Beijings and facilitate the exchange of people and the flow of materials between the two Beijings."
"Your Majesty, how did the two Zhili in the North and the South be revoked?" The ministers were not very interested in road construction. They were interested in whether they could profit for themselves in the process of revoking the two Zhili.
"Nanzhili was revoked, Jiangnan Province was renamed, Yingtian Mansion was revoked, Nanjing Mansion was reorganized, and Nanjing Mansion became the capital of Jiangnan Province."
"What about Beizhili?" The ministers found that the abolition of Nanzhili had little to do with them.
"Beijing Zhili was revoked, Hebei Province was re-established, Shuntian Mansion was revoked, and Beijing Mansion was established. Beijing Mansion will still be the capital of Ming Dynasty."
"Your Majesty, the capital of Beizhili, is it still Beijing?"
Zhu Youjian suddenly remembered that the population of Hebei Province is too concentrated. Among the 10 million people, Beijing alone exceeds one million. The more the population, the more crowded the city. Moreover, Beijing is too prosperous, which is not conducive to other parts of Hebei Province. The development of "Tianjin Wei is changed to Tianjin Government, as the capital of Hebei Province."
"Your Majesty, Tianjin is too desolate at the moment, but a few military camps must be the capital of Hebei Province."
"Don’t worry about Aiqing. Although Tianjin is currently desolate, as the capital of Hebei Province, large-scale construction will inevitably be required. I will also relocate all factories in Beijing to Tianjin. At that time, Tianjin’s population and commerce will inevitably undergo earth-shaking changes. Moreover, the imperial court now encourages shipping, and Tianjin’s Dagu Wharf will also promote Tianjin’s development."
"Dagu Wharf?" Most courtiers had never been to Tianjin, let alone where Dagu was.
Zhu Youjian laid out the map, "The future Tianjin Mansion will be Jixian, Baodi County, Wuqing County, and Jinghai County from north to south. To the southeast of Tianjin Mansion is Dagu Wharf, and Dagu County will be set up near the wharf. "
The ministers still have a little knowledge, "Your Majesty, Beijing is already very prosperous, why move the capital of Hebei to the desolate Tianjin?"
"It is precisely because Beijing is too prosperous, overpopulated, and traffic congested that I remembered moving the capital of Hebei to Tianjin. In the future, Beijing will not be allowed to develop industry. As the capital of the country, Beijing should be the country’s administration, transportation, culture, and culture. As a commercial center, it can no longer afford too many industries. Our factory will also be moved to Tianjin."
The emperor personally set an example, ministers will no longer make trouble. Besides, whether to move the factory or not has no direct relationship with them.
"What is your Majesty's intention for this reform? Let the ministers understand your Majesty's intentions, so that they can serve the New Deal in the future." The ministers felt that although Zhu Youjian's actions were big, the current political reform had a relationship with them. It seems small and the direction is not clear.
"This is a good question. I was going to tell you all," Zhu Youzhen coughed twice. "My current political reform is mainly to prevent a hundred officials from corrupting ink. , But officials without supervision will still taste the forbidden fruit sooner or later."
"Your Majesty, how can this political reform be related to the prevention of corruption?" The ministers stared at each other. Zhu Youjian's thoughts were endless, and no one could guess Zhu Youjian's true intentions.
"In this reform, in addition to requiring the Supervision Department to perform the supervisory duties, all departments must also perform top-down supervision."