Mu Qiyuan asked Liu Feiyu to liberate the Han slaves, stationed in Chayu, received the follow-up supply team, and cited the 19th Army through Medog, referring to Gongbu (now Linzhi).
The scattered Tibetans I saw along the way were all killed by the Ming army, but the 19th Army did not see any castles.
Pioneer Liu Zhenyu is very strange. Tibetans are different from nomads. They have entered the age of farming. How can they not have a castle
He didn’t know that Uszang, as a local government, had just experienced a series of turmoil and wars, but these wars had nothing to do with the Han people, but the complicated religious sects and local regimes of Uszang. Reshuffle the cards again.
Since Buddhism was introduced to Ustizang, it has had a great impact on Tibetans. Almost all Tibetans believe in religion, but the sect is different.
There are four main schools of Tibetan Buddhism in the land of Uszang:
1. The Nyingma School, commonly known as the Red Sect.
The Nyingma Sect was the first to establish religion. It reached its peak in the early Northern Song Dynasty, and then gradually declined. During the Chongzhen reign of the Ming Dynasty, only the Mingjizha Temple at the foot of the Yarlung Zangbo River in Gongga County existed, and it barely maintained the Nyingma Sect. The local religious sects and regimes have no influence anymore.
2. Sakya School, commonly known as Huajiao.
Established by the Kun family in the Northern Song Dynasty, the Sakya Sect's kings are also members of the Kun family. They have always used the vicinity of Shigatse as their main sphere of influence. Temples are almost all over Uszang and Dorgan. The ancestral temple is in the city of Sakya. Sakya Temple, located in the southwest of Xigaze.
In the reign of Emperor Ming Chengzu, he once bestowed Gonga Tashi, a high-ranking monk, as the "Mahayana Dharma King", second only to the "Great Treasure Dharma King" of Baijiao; he also bestowed another high monk Nanka Xubijian praised as the "Auxiliary King". "With hereditary territory, this shows the great influence of Huajiao in Uszang.
3. Kagyupa, commonly known as Baijiao.
There are many schools in Baijiao, but the doctrines are similar. They were of the same origin before they were introduced to Ustiz. Therefore, there is little internal conflict. The Cubu Temple in the northwest of Lhasa is used as the ancestral temple. In the Yushu area, in the third year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (AD 1405), Chengzu bestowed the master of Cubu Temple as the "Dabao Karmapa". He was the highest ranking Karmapa of Tibet at that time, and there were temples in all Tibetan areas.
The Kagyupa pioneered the reincarnation system of living Buddhas, which shows the transcendent status of Baijiao in Uszang.
Fourth, Gelugpa, commonly known as the Yellow Sect.
Founded by Tsongkhapa in the seventh year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1409 AD), although the establishment of religion was the latest, the influence was the greatest. As soon as the Gelug Sect appeared, it spread to Tibetan areas and quickly became the most important thing in the minds of Tibetans. Before and after Tibet lived in a dominant position.
There are six famous monasteries in the Gelug Sect. Among them are the three monasteries in Lhasa and the Tashilhunpo Monastery in Xigaze.
The three major monasteries in Lhasa include Ganden Monastery, Drepung Monastery and Sera Monastery.
Ganden Monastery is located on Zhuodanwoche Mountain in the northeast of Lhasa. It was built by Tsongkhapa, the founder of Gelug Sect. It is the ancestral temple of Gelug Sect. The monastery is called "Gandan Tripa". It is the only one that was elected and not reincarnated. Coming, the status is second only to **** and ****.
Drepung Monastery is located in the Gepeiwuzi Mountain in the west of Lhasa City. The most influential **** of the Gelug Sect is here to practice. The owner of the temple is called "Drepung Tripa". It is generally held by the **** and is famous. The Potala Palace is located in Drepung Monastery.
Sera Monastery is located in Selawuzi Mountain in the northern outskirts of Lhasa City. The owner of the temple is called "Sera Tripa". Sometimes it is also served by the ****. Sera Monastery is a base for training monks and enters the Central Plains area. Mostly from Sera Monastery.
The Tashilhunpo Monastery is located in the western suburbs of Xigaze. It is a place of practice for ****. Of course, there is no **** title at this time. "****" was created in the second year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1645 AD). Granted by Shunzhi.
However, the status of the master of Tashilhunpo is extremely high, even higher than that of Ganden Tripa of Ganden Monastery. After the death of the ****, he is temporarily in charge when looking for reincarnated soul boys and handling government affairs. It can be seen.
However, because the population of Xigaze is far less than that of Lhasa, and the economic income is not as good as that of monasteries in Lhasa, the status of **** is second to **** in the Yellow Sect.
What makes people feel incredible is that although the four major sects have their own traditional territories, they all build temples in the entire Tibetan area. Therefore, the temples of the Ge sect are often mixed together, sowing the seeds of the disputes of the various sects.
Ustizang is a rare **** area on the land of Daming, and its religious disputes are also inextricably linked with the local government.
Starting from the Meng Yuan Dynasty, the leader of Uszang was the Pamuzhu family from Sangri County, Shannan Prefecture. The leader was given the title of "Great Situ". After the founding of Ming Dynasty, Emperor Hongwu gave him the title of "Lord of Orchid".
Later, the regime was inherited by the local Lang family, with Nedong County as its ruling center, and its main activities were in the former Tibet region, which is Lhasa.
With the gradual corruption of the Pamuzhu regime, the local leaders gradually established their own spheres of influence, and the positions of these local leaders were reduced to a lifelong system, which was later called a hereditary system.
Later, the Ge family, the relatives of the Pamuzhu regime, gradually gained control of the locality and established a substantive regime centered on Shigatse. The Tibetans called it "Renbuba" and the Ming court recognized it. Jiaqing 42 In 1563 (AD 1563), Rinbuba’s retainer Xinxiapa Caidan rebelled. The Xinxiapa family controlled the local government of Uszang, and the leader was called "Dizangpa Khan".
In the 40th year of Ming Wanli (AD 1613), the successor Phuntsok Namgyal controlled the Ngari area. Many small countries in this area were occupied. Except for the Guge dynasty, the entire Uszang was basically owned by the Sinshampa family. control.
However, the Sinshapa family admired the Kagyu Sect (White Sect), extremely hated the Gelug Sect (Yellow Sect), and hated the revolutionary reshuffle of the Gelug Sect to Tibetan Buddhism. Therefore, they often threatened the Gelug Sect by force.
In the forty-fifth year of the Ming Dynasty (AD 1618), Phuntsok Namgyal force occupied Sera and Drepung monasteries, massacred and expelled the Gelug monks in the monasteries, destroyed temples and buildings, and then formally established Us with Shigatse as the center. The Tibetan local government became another secular Uz-Tibetan aristocratic government after Pamudruba and Rinbupa. Phuntsok Namgyal called himself Zangpa Khan.
In the first year of the Great Ming Dynasty (1621 AD), Danjung Wangpo succeeded the Zangpa Khan and still hated the Gelug Sect. After the death of King King IV, Danjung Wangpo refused to allow him to be reincarnated and attempted to destroy the Drepung Monastery.
In the third year of Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty (1630 AD), the Gelug Sect, with the help of the Mongolian Heshuote Ministry, attempted to regain the Sera and Drepung monasteries. After fierce armed struggle between the two sides, Danjiong Wangpo won in the end, but in order to prevent the enemy According to the castle to continue fighting with himself, he ordered that in his rule area, except for the fourteen cities such as Shigatse, all large and small castles should be demolished.
The Sinshampa family established the Usi-Tibet local government by force, unified Usi-Tibet, unified weights and measures, and promoted the economic development of the Usi-Tibet area. However, the war itself caused the already scarce population of Usi-Tibet to drastically decrease. When Mu Qiyuan marched into Uszang, the entire Uszang population was less than 500,000 Tibetans.
After the destruction of the city by Tanjung Wangpo, the population was concentrated in a limited number of 14 castles, which promoted communication and integration among Tibetans, Mongolians, and Hans. However, the Hans were hard-working, simple, thinking, and good at business. This allowed them to quickly accumulate wealth, which caused the envy and jealousy of the Tibetans and Mongolians, who accounted for the absolute majority of the population. This was also the direct fuse of the riots against the Han in the Uszang and Dogan areas.
However, the destruction of the city by Tanjung Wangpo also provided convenient conditions for the Ming army to quickly achieve military victory. If the Tibetans were scattered in various places, in the mountains and rivers of Ustizang, the Ming army would chase and fight. , It is also time-consuming.
Liu Zhenyu’s 55th Division is not marching fast. The Yarlung Tsangpo River and the Yarlung Zangbo Grand Canyon are blocked on the march. If you travel here, these beautiful materials can attract a large number of travellers just by taking pictures. eyeball.
As a pioneer, Liu Zhenyu faced the mountains, rivers, and valleys. He simply couldn't take on the task of clearing roads and building bridges when encountering mountains. He could only broaden his marching route as much as possible to find a path through this land.
Fortunately, Uszang has long entered the farming society. Tibetans built chain bridges over these mountains, rivers, and valleys. About two hundred years ago, there was a monk named Tangdong Jeb in the Baijiao who was famous for building chain bridges. Yu bridge designer.
The marching speed is slow, and the army cannot hide. Liu Zhenyu has no choice. He can only order the soldiers to kill all the scattered Tibetans they encounter, and try to block the information of the army’s entry into Tibet. As for the extent to which he can do it, he has nothing to do. The law is controlled.
Gongpu City is located in the southeast of Ustizang, on the north bank of the Yarlung Zangbo River and backed by the Yarlung Zangbo River. The average elevation is only 3,000 meters, which is not much higher than that of Yunnan. Due to its sufficient water source and relatively low elevation, it is very suitable for agricultural production. The south of the Yangtze River hidden by Us".
When Liu Zhenyu arrived in Gongpu City, he stationed at a distance from the East City Gate. For the front army, he not only assumed the responsibility of opening the way for the rear army, but also had the ability to siege the city. After all, more than 10,000 soldiers equipped with flintlock guns are definitely not a negligible military force in the Tibetan area.
According to the report, the main military forces in the Usti-Tibet area are the eight elite troops trained by Tanjung Wangpo, each of which has about 3,000 personnel, and is under the command of Tanjung Wangpo. The local army defending the city has relatively weak combat effectiveness; the third is the Mongolian Heshuote army, the number of which is unknown.
The Mongols are also the people and soldiers. They can arm the strong at any time. Their fighting power is no less than that of the regular army. However, they just lost to Dan Jiong Wangbo. If they want to come, their fighting power will not be strong. After all, this place is not a big horse that can gallop. The grasslands, mountains and rivers divided Ustizang into countless small pieces, and the Mongolian cavalry could not take advantage of speed at all.
Liu Zhenyu had planned to wait for Mu Qiyuan's army to arrive before starting to attack the city. After all, his number of soldiers was small, with only more than 10,000 soldiers. It was difficult to complete the strategic goal of besieging the city, but Gongbu's Tibetan soldiers did not give him the opportunity to wait.