2. The origin of the Baiyue nation
The most complete and most mythical one that can be seen so far is the legend of "Dragon Son and Fairy Sun". The title was added by later generations, and the original title was "The Legend of Hong Pang", which was contained in the 15th century "Lingnan Strange" by Chen Shifa. The famous historian Wu Shilian of the same century wrote in "The Complete Book of Da Yue Shi Ji · Wai Ji Juan 1" "It is called "Hong Pang Ji".
This myth is recorded as follows: In the period of China's Three Emperors and Five Emperors, Shennong's third Sun Emperor Ming traveled south to Wuling (now the junction of Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Hunan) and met a fairy. The two combined gave birth to a son. Named Lu continued. Lu Xu has clear eyebrows and beautiful eyes, and he is very smart and well-loved. Emperor Ming wanted to abolish the crown prince Emperor Yi and establish Lu as his heir. But Lu continued to be friendly in nature and refused to compete with his half-brother. In the end, Emperor Ming decided to succeed Emperor Yi and rule the north. He was named the King of Luxu Jingyang to rule the south, and the country was called the Red Ghost Country (including now Vietnam). King Jingyang was able to enter the Water Mansion and went to the daughter of Lord Dongting and gave birth to a son Chonglan. After Chonglan grew up, he was named Lord Luolong and governed the kingdom of red ghosts.
After Luolong Jun succeeded to the throne, he married the grandson of Emperor Yi and the wife of the Emperor's concubine. Yu Ji was pregnant and gave birth to a big flesh cell with 100 eggs in it, and each egg turned into a strange boy. When these 100 boys grow up, all of them are powerful, agile, intelligent, and fearful. But Racoon Dragon Lord has lived in the Water Mansion for a long time, and he has forgotten these 100 sons, and Yu Ji feels very lonely. One day, the raccoon dragon king said to Yu Ji: "I am the dragon species, the leader of the water clan, you are the immortal species, the person in the world, you are not related to each other, water and fire are mutually restrained, and it is difficult to live for a long time. Although the yin and yang are combined to give birth to children, of course The squares are different, but the present is different. I will return 50 men to the water house and divide them into different places. The 50 men live together on the soil from you, and rule by country. If you climb into the water, there are things related to each other, and nothing to waste." From then on, the raccoon dragon He and Yuji went to live in the coastal and mountainous regions respectively, and each of their 50 sons established a country. This is the ancestor of Baiyue. Historically known as the Ou Lao State, that is today's Vietnam. One of the Baiyue people lived in the present-day Red River Delta (Hanoi). It was called Luoyue in ancient times and is the ancestral home of the Vietnamese people today.
Following his mother's eldest son, Xiong Wang, he established the "Wen Lang Kingdom", which was considered by the Vietnamese to be the first dynasty of Vietnam.
(Since 2007, the Vietnamese government has designated the tenth day of the third month of the lunar calendar as a festival to worship the male king. The country has one day off and held grand worship activities. The most grand one is the male king temple in Lintao County, Phu Tho Province.)
"Hong Pang Ji", as a myth and legend narrating the origin of the Vietnamese nation, is beautiful and has a complete system. It is derived from oral folklore legends into today's myths and legends. It has been valued and loved by the Vietnamese people for many years. It is not only included in the history of literature, but also regarded as official history. From this myth and legend, we can see the cultural mentality of the Vietnamese nation, and it is not difficult to discover the huge potential penetration of Chinese culture.
Shennong is the incarnation of the saint who is most respected by the Chinese nation and who has won victory in the struggle for production. The advanced production methods used by the Chinese nation under his guidance were exactly the model that the Vietnamese nation wanted to be fascinated by at that time. So they hope that their ancestors should be the descendants of such a saint—the descendants of Shennong. At the same time, in order to make up for the insufficiency of the descendants of Shennong who lived on the Loess Plateau through the struggle, they boldly imagined that the Dragon King was the incarnation of a dragon who lived in the water mansion all the year round based on the characteristics of living on the river and the sea in their own national era. Take it as the ancestor of your own nation. This way of maintaining the ancient cultural exchanges between China and Vietnam in the form of myths and legends shows the Vietnamese people's desire for a long history and culture of their own nation. As for the myths and legends, the combination of the male and female raccoon dragons and the females of Yu Ji is a combination of yin and yang, which is a traditional Chinese saying. This myth and legend illustrates the historical role of the import of Chinese culture in promoting the development of Vietnamese society from one side.
In addition, because this mythology and the Chinese legend "The Story of Liu Yi" have the same effect, it not only reminds people of being influenced by ancient Chinese literature. "The Story of Liu Yi" tells the story of scholar Liu Yi who, out of sympathy, passed letters on behalf of the daughter of Dragon King in Dongting, and the two finally got married.
3. Political views of Chinese historians
Dai Kelai, a Chinese Vietnamese historian, believes that the legend of Hong Pang is insufficient as official historical data, and points out that it is a combination of Vietnamese legends and stories from ancient Chinese books, deduced and grafted. For example, the Yandi Shennong family originated from the Chinese Emperor Yan, who was the emperor of the South; Luolong Junsheng Bainan was derived from the records of Baiyue in ancient Chinese books; the territory of Wenlang State was described in terms of the Baiyue distribution area, both of China’s Han and Tang Dynasties. The names of prefectures, prefectures and counties established in Vietnam, so Wenlangguo was fabricated after the Tang Dynasty. The myth of Hong Pang was used by the Vietnamese authorities in the late 1970s and early 1980s to make anti-Chinese articles.
Meng Shaoyi: "Comparative Discussion on Chinese and Vietnamese Myths", "Journal of the People's Liberation Army University of Foreign Languages" 1994, Issue 2 Clan: Hong Pang Clan-Baidu Encyclopedia King of Jingyang: King of Jingyang-Baidu Encyclopedia, King of Luolong: King of Luolong-Baidu Encyclopedia (End of this chapter)