"The several special economic zones established before in our country are actually a good attempt, allowing us to have a testing ground for market economy and laying a solid foundation for the further opening up of our country's market in the future."
When the old man heard Zhao Yi's words, he smiled slightly. He was quite happy to hear his praise. After all, the strategy of "crossing the river by feeling for the stones" was based on this consideration.
In fact, Zhao Yi has not mentioned the shock therapy behind Polar Bear. By the late 1980s, Polar Bear's people's livelihood economy had been eroded to a certain extent. In order to solve this crisis, he resorted to emergency treatment and consulted his opponents on how to manage the economy.
In Zhao Yi's opinion, what kind of brain and IQ could he think of such an operation that is unacceptable to normal people? However, the polar bear did it, and did it very thoroughly, leaving no room for himself or any way out.
As soon as Zhao saw the old man's expression, he recognized his long speech before and continued: "Regarding the theory of market economy, some economists have discovered many laws, but they do not represent them all, and there are no eternally applicable theorems. .
In the final analysis, it still needs to be placed in a specific era and specific scene to have certain reference value.
Therefore, the market economy is actually a black box model. If we want it to work, we need certain guidance from the outside, such as proactive fiscal policies, complete laws and regulations, etc., which are some of the methods we commonly use.
The financial methods mentioned earlier are catalysts that enable the market economy to play a greater role, accelerate the development of the market economy, and activate the vitality of the market economy.
The most commonly used method is for banks to provide loans to manufacturing companies, allowing them to expand production scale, invest in technology research and development, expand business areas, etc., to accelerate the development of physical enterprises.
However, this method generally has a certain effect on inherently healthy companies. For companies whose operations have deteriorated, the specific reasons need to be analyzed. If it is not worth saving, the company can simply be liquidated and closed down.
Because it is already a cancer cell in the market economy, even if loans are given to these enterprises, it will only extend their lives, and may even drag down the development of the entire social economy.
Why do I mention this specifically? As you know, most of the current manufacturing enterprises in our country are state-owned enterprises, and all banking and financial institutions are state-owned enterprises. They are all enterprises belonging to the state in name, which naturally forms a kind of alliance.
Of course, this relationship has certain benefits. As mentioned above, if the operating status of the production company is good, and with this relationship, the company can easily obtain loan support, then the production company can quickly expand its scale and carry out industrial upgrading.
However, there must be some manufacturing companies that have no longer adapted to market development. They were able to survive in the past because of underwriting under the planned economy system, allowing them to find a sales outlet for their products that were not very competitive in the first place.
Coupled with the limited prosperity of the commodity market and the lack of material supplies in the past, people could only buy these products without holding their noses.
However, in the market economy environment, except for enterprises with special missions, most industries are fully competitive, which will bring about an increase in the number and types of goods, and some goods with old designs and poor quality will will face elimination from the market.
Faced with such a predicament, either the government will continue to use fiscal funds to inject blood, or it will continue to provide bank loans to fund corporate activities. However, fiscal funds and bank loans cannot be infinitely supplied. If reforms cannot be carried out in a timely manner, the end result will still be A disastrous outcome.
In this case, not only will financial funds be lost, but the bank will also have bad debts, and the people across the country will have to pay for it. This situation must exist in the process of transitioning from a planned economy to a market economy.
Although it is foreseen that this situation will occur, the government has to adopt this approach because production enterprises involve people's employment. If they cannot continue to operate and workers lose their jobs, it will bring great hidden dangers to social stability. .
Therefore, we need to introduce more market mechanisms, including sales, restructuring and other measures.
Although selling enterprises is still difficult to accept in our country's economy, it will be a more common method in the future.
Because there is an inherent flaw in the operation process of state-owned enterprises, that is, the enterprise does not belong to the operator. There is not much difference between the good or bad operation of the enterprise and the benefits they gain, which results in their low enthusiasm for operation.
This is also the reason why most state-owned enterprises will have difficulty operating in the future. If they are not special industry enterprises, then selling them will be a good move.
Let those buyers run the business, because the business is theirs, and the quality of the business is closely related to their interests. They can only use their best efforts to run the business well, otherwise the funds to buy the business will be wasted.
Of course, considering that our country has just begun to transform from a planned economy to a market economy, the people's acceptance of this method is not enough, so there is another relatively acceptable method, which is enterprise restructuring.
The weakest way to reform is to reform the incentive system. Nowadays, many state-owned enterprises are eating from the big pot. Facts have proved that eating from the big pot is not feasible.
Because the success or failure of an enterprise's operations has little bearing on each individual in the enterprise, individual initiative is also very weak.
In response to this situation, we should expand the differences between individuals, give greater rewards to those who work harder, reduce the benefits to employees who have made little contribution to the company, and lay off employees who have no or even counterproductive effects on the company.
For example, the bonus incentive system is a reward for employees in the company based on a certain proportion of the company's profits during business operations.
Let all employees have a certain internal motivation for corporate development, after all, this is closely related to their interests.
Of course, what is more difficult to operate here is the issue of distribution fairness and performance appraisal, which involves the corporate management system. There is a huge difference between a good management system and a bad management system.
So the bonus incentive system just now is not a panacea, because after all, the enterprise is still the state, and without a good management system to match it, as a manager, he will definitely give priority to his own people when distributing benefits, even if these people are not Not much dedication was made.
This is a very bad phenomenon. The employees who were originally benefited cannot benefit. It only makes a small number of people fatter. In the end, it is not as good as a big pot. After all, everyone is equally poor, so there is not much resentment.
The other is the mixed system reform, which is to introduce external capital, reform the corporate management structure, establish a new management and board of directors, and have full responsibility and supervision for corporate operations.
The foreign capital introduced can be other production and operating entities, bank capital, or other financial capital.
The key point of this management system lies in management supervision.
The major capital parties mentioned above also have different characteristics. For production and operation entities, when introducing such capital, it is best to have business correlation, that is, to be able to have upstream and downstream relationships between the business of the restructured enterprise and its business. .
The advantage of this is that the restructured enterprises can quickly integrate into the new industrial chain. The initial transition is smoother, and subsequent development can also understand the market demand as quickly as possible and achieve faster product updates and iterations.
The disadvantage is that the production and operation of the restructured enterprise may be overly interfered with by the other party and completely become a vassal of the other party, with little development potential and a ceiling for development.
Bank capital is relatively simple. Their purpose is to obtain profits and they do not interfere much with business management. After all, banks have limited ability to operate entities.
The disadvantage is that banks can only provide financial support. For enterprises in operating difficulties, simply providing funds is not enough. The production and operation process of the enterprise needs to be systematically transformed to give enterprises in operating difficulties a new lease of life. vitality.
Other capitals, such as investment banks, venture capital, etc., in addition to providing financial support, can also provide necessary business transformation experience.
Especially those professional investment banks, because they often engage in this area of affairs, they are familiar with the business models of major companies in the world.
Of course, there are also some disadvantages, that is, investment banks pay more attention to profits than traditional banks. If not handled properly, companies that were originally in difficulty will become more difficult to operate because of their profit-making operations, while investment banks themselves will make a fortune. Profits are taken away.
All such restructuring methods require the introduction of appropriate types of capital based on the actual situation of the enterprise to solve related problems.
Of course, the most important thing is that the country needs to learn relevant knowledge from top to bottom, especially during the current period of great changes.
We have to face new things every day. If we don't have a clear understanding of them, we will inevitably be overwhelmed when dealing with them. "
This time Zhao Yi explained in more detail, but the old man still listened patiently to his long speech. Although it was quite long-winded, it pointed out the shortcomings of state-owned enterprises and also gave some solutions, which provided him with some good ideas. ideas.
"You have so many companies, how do you make them run well?" The old man looked at him and asked.
Although the old man is very concerned about his business, he only pays attention in a general direction. After all, as the person who controls the overall situation, there is no need to understand the specific business details.
“First, all of my companies have certain technical advantages, which is the basis for ensuring the company’s continued operation. Only with technical advantages can we gain market share and continuously generate profits.
Second, a sound management system, including a fair promotion system, a positive reward system, etc., allows employees to give full play to their talents and develop their inherent abilities.
The third is perfect supervision and management. We own three service-oriented companies, Bole Human Resources Company, Yongan Accounting Firm and Yuheng Law Firm.
Bole Human Resources Company plays a supervisory role in the personnel management of our companies and can ensure the fairness of employee promotions.
Yong'an Accounting Firm plays a supervisory role in the financial management of my companies, ensuring that every penny of the company is spent effectively, so that every penny creates value for the company.
Yuheng Law Firm handles the company's internal legal issues and external legal issues, so that the company's business activities can comply with local laws and avoid illegal behaviors and unnecessary losses.
In the process of business operation, human resources rights and financial rights are the two most important rights. As long as these two are grasped, you can actually control the company. Even if the person is absent, you will still have a decisive influence.
It is the existence of these three companies that allows me to break away from the busy business details and gain freedom without losing control of the company and ensuring that the company runs on the normal track. "
After a long narration, Zhao Yi felt a little thirsty, so he picked up the teacup and drank. (End of chapter)