The above is only the statistics of school funding for the compulsory education stage. Although it may not be completely accurate, it is still close to ten. Next, Zhao Yi will clearly explain the funding required for vocational education and higher education.
After all school-ready young people have completed 15 years of compulsory education, except for those who have passed university, they can further their studies. It would be a waste if the others directly enter the society.
Therefore, vocational education is an important part of national education. It can cultivate many high-quality workers and engineers for the country, and also reduces the pressure on corporate training, allowing all companies to quickly recruit many employees with professional abilities.
Although there is a large investment in vocational education, the return is definitely meager, especially for Zhao Yi, a contractor.
But its social benefits are particularly high. Having high-quality industrial workers can improve production efficiency and product quality for enterprises. Some of them with outstanding talents can also be promoted to engineers, which is of even greater value.
In the previous life, our country did not do enough in vocational education. Most people who could not go to college could only work in factories.
But since they have no skills or experience, their wages are generally low, and most companies operate on low profits and cannot afford to train their employees.
In addition, after employees' skill levels are improved, most of them will choose to change jobs, which makes the early training costs of the company in vain. This phenomenon makes more companies unwilling to invest more money in employee training.
Of course, this phenomenon cannot be said to be the fault of the employees. After all, "people go to higher places, and water flows to lower places." This is the normal state of human beings, especially for employees who live on wages. This is especially true for beautiful people. The pursuit of life is the most beautiful pursuit of human beings.
It is out of this consideration that Zhao Yi hopes to improve domestic vocational education in his hands, hoping that every young person entering society will have a skill so that they can earn high returns as soon as possible.
The burden on businesses has also been reduced, allowing them to operate more easily without having to worry about finding qualified workers.
“Next let’s talk about vocational education and higher education.
We all know that the training of workers is now basically done by enterprises. There was nothing wrong with this before, because almost all enterprises are state-owned enterprises, and workers will work in the enterprise until retirement if nothing unexpected happens.
In this case, the company is also willing to train its employees, because the high-quality employees trained can bring huge economic benefits to the company.
However, with the advancement of reform and opening up, there will no longer be only state-owned enterprises, but there will also be more and more private enterprises, so workers will have more and more options to choose from.
This bundled relationship between companies and employees will gradually disintegrate, and companies will no longer be willing to spend huge sums of money on training employees, because after training, there is a high probability that they will be poached because of the high salary offered by others.
The reason is simple. When companies spend money and resources to train employees, they themselves bear huge costs. If they give the same salary to outsiders, the overall cost will be higher.
This is different for companies outside that recruit employees with high salaries. They have no cost of training employees. Therefore, even if they recruit employees with high salaries, the costs they bear are generally not high, and they can also obtain high-skilled workers.
Over time, this situation will make companies unwilling to invest in employees, and they will want to obtain skilled workers trained by others. This will fall into an endless cycle, and in the end, the interests of both employees and the company will be harmed.
Based on the above considerations, I think it is necessary to develop our vocational education, and it must be developed well so that vocational education can adapt to the development of the social era. "
Everyone nodded when they heard Zhao Yi's story. Although they did not foresee the future situation, they were in favor of employee training, and current state-owned enterprises basically followed this model.
After hearing Zhao Yi's analysis of the future, they also agreed, because the country's reform and opening up is already a basic national policy and cannot be changed, so Zhao Yi's analysis of future employment is logical. This result will definitely happen.
A government staff member said: "Your analysis is very reasonable. The country does need to plan in advance in terms of vocational education, but we have no previous experience, so we would like to hear what plans you have."
“Currently, for vocational education, I think the best one is Germany’s vocational education, so we can learn from the German vocational education system and create a vocational education system with Chinese characteristics.
First of all, we must make it clear that vocational education is to cultivate students' practical ability, so it cannot be done behind closed doors, which is divorced from social reality. The students trained are not what enterprises need, or they do not match the needs of enterprises well.
So we need to solve this problem. Germany adopts a two-way selection system, which means that if students want to learn a certain skill, they must first find an enterprise with a corresponding vocational education group.
Obtain vocational education and training quotas through enterprises, and then enter vocational schools to learn relevant professional knowledge.
If an enterprise wants to obtain relevant vocational education quotas, it needs to participate in the National Vocational Education Organization and pay vocational education fees for each employee.
In order to prevent some companies from unconsciously causing confusion in vocational education, the country needs to formulate mandatory regulations, stipulating that companies must provide fixed funds for each of their employees.
That way, even if their employees are poached, they can also poach other people's employees, because the training costs paid by the company are the same.
Since they enter the enterprise, it is impossible to study full-time, so these students are working part-time. For example, they work in the enterprise for 4 to 5 days, and then they must spend 1 to 2 days to participate in vocational education. .
In this way, students can not only increase their hands-on ability, but also learn more systematic theoretical knowledge, so that they can know what is happening and why.
Depending on the occupation, the schooling period is generally 2 to 3 years. A chef, for example, only needs to study for 2 years, while a CNC machine tool operator may need to study for 3 years.
Of course, when providing vocational and technical training to students, they will also be asked to learn the laws and regulations of relevant industries so that they can clearly know their rights and obligations, which can ensure the interests of both the company and its employees.
Before these students obtain the corresponding vocational education diploma, they are all apprentices, and their salary can be lower than that of regular employees.
After all, vocational education is not compulsory education. The state cannot bear all the costs, so we need to clarify an investment ratio. I think 4:6 is more appropriate, that is, 40% of the state’s investment in education costs and 60% of enterprises’ investment in education costs.
The cost calculation here is more complicated and cannot be explained clearly in a few words. Because the number of employees participating in training is different every year and the training costs of various occupations are different, it is difficult to give a unified calculation method.
However, it is more appropriate to calculate the annual education cost of students based on one-third of the average annual salary of each occupation, because the ratio of students' working time to training time is about 3:1.
Based on this principle, it is easier for us to calculate costs. For example, there are about 20 million high school graduates every year, and about 60% of them are not able to enter college. In other words, the number of people who need vocational education every year is about 12 million. people.
Based on the average training period of 2.5 years and the current national average annual salary of 1,440 yuan, 12 million (1/3) = 14.4 billion yuan.
This is only a rough calculation method, but it can also give a rough calculation result, of which the government invests 40%, which is about 5.8 billion yuan. "
After hearing what Zhao Yi said, everyone here nodded in agreement. In other words, Zhao Yi did not blindly calculate costs, and what he said was quite reasonable.
Of course, the real situation must be slightly different, but there are indeed many types of vocational education, and the education costs of each occupation also vary greatly, so only this general calculation method can be used.
But they silently calculated in their hearts that the total cost of these two items reached more than 135.2 billion yuan. Based on the current fiscal revenue of 500 billion yuan, a 25% ratio is 125 billion yuan.
This has exceeded the cost paid by the government, and this still does not include the cost of higher education. Although the cost of higher education is not as exaggerated as compulsory education, it is definitely much higher than the cost of vocational education.
Zhao Yi ignored the expressions of those present and continued: "The next step is higher education. As I said just now, the ideal state is that about 40% of high school graduates have the opportunity to enter higher education.
That is, there are about 8 million students every year. The most basic is the four-year undergraduate level. The average education cost per student per year is 1,000 yuan, which is 32 billion yuan.
Assuming that 25% of undergraduates enter postgraduate study, and based on three years, the average annual education cost for each graduate student is 2,000 yuan, and the overall cost required is about 12 billion yuan.
Assuming that 5% of graduate students enter the doctoral stage, the average academic year is 5 years, and the average annual education cost for each doctoral student is 10,000 yuan, the total cost required is 5 billion yuan.
Therefore, the overall annual cost of the entire higher education stage is approximately 49 billion yuan.
Comprehensive calculation, we can know that our country invests approximately 184.2 billion yuan in education every year.
This does not include the calculation of one-time investment. You must know that the construction of school buildings alone requires a huge investment at the beginning. "
I really don’t know, and I was shocked when I heard that according to this algorithm, Zhao Yi still needs to pay 59.2 billion yuan every year. People who thought that 25% of education expenditures were too large now have no idea at all.
At present, higher education in our country is free, and the costs calculated above cannot be saved at all.
Even though higher education is not free education, the cost of compulsory education alone is close to 25%, which means that no matter how you calculate it, you cannot reduce the funding to less than 25%.
Since the funding cannot be reduced to less than 25%, making higher education free is equivalent to Zhao Yi paying for the subsidies himself. It can be said that the government has taken a huge advantage in vain.
After this calculation, everyone stopped saying anything. (End of chapter)