Originally, Zhao Yi wanted to wait until the government department leaders, experts and scholars at the scene had finished expressing their opinions and suggestions before he started to express his own opinions and suggestions.
It's just that the Senior Advisor obviously didn't want to do what he wanted and wanted to hear his advice. After all, as the country's number one industrialist, his knowledge, capital, and technology can solve many problems.
Now that his name was called, he could only express some of the opinions he had thought about before. He stood up and looked around at the attendees.
He said: “I have some humble opinions here, and I hope that all the leaders, experts and scholars present can correct them.
First of all, what you just said is very good, that is, to actively develop industrial production, because the industrial production field can accommodate more employees. This idea is correct.
We can start from several aspects to develop our country's industry:
The first aspect is to improve the industrial categories, which can not only improve our country's industrial strength, but also enable our industry to form a closed loop under special circumstances and prevent it from being suppressed by the outside world.
And because it is an incremental industrial category, that is to say, this process can basically provide incremental jobs, which is an effective way to solve the issues at this meeting.
The second aspect is to improve the industrial chain. You should understand this. It can not only make up for the weak links in my country's industrial chain, but also enable the industrial chain to provide more jobs.
The third aspect is to encourage innovation in industrial products. There are complete industrial categories and a complete industrial chain. Ultimately, a market is needed, and the opening of the market requires innovative specific products to support it.
Therefore, in order to protect the intellectual property rights of original creators and allow more innovative talents to receive the rewards they deserve, relevant government departments must protect the intellectual property rights of innovators.
If you can't do this, then don't mention innovation anymore. I believe everyone who is doing it understands this. Because there is no benefit or the benefit is stolen, even those who have innovation will not bother to spend in this area. strength.
At that time, it will not only dampen the enthusiasm of innovative talents, but also make the market lack profits. Then no matter how good the industrial deployment is, it will be in vain, because they will not be able to come up with products that are popular with the market, and in the end there will be industrial surplus.
I don’t know if you have done any research on the consequences of industrial oversupply. It sounds incredible. After all, our country has been facing industrial shortages for decades and has never had an industrial oversupply.
But this is the problem that industry will inevitably face when it develops to a certain extent. I think you have also heard of the Great Depression in 1929. Their inducement was the industrial process, and there was not enough market to digest and produce industrial products.
Everyone has heard about the consequences, or may have studied them specifically. Everyone should be relatively clear about the consequences of excess products, so I won’t go into details here.
In order to solve the product process, in addition to encouraging innovation, the other is to expand the market size. Only when consumers have money in their pockets will they consume enough products and services.
Expanding the market size and increasing internal demand will accompany my country's economic development throughout, especially when foreign trade is blocked, this is particularly important.
So how to expand the market size
Of course, it is a very good way to work hard to develop the foreign trade economy and let countries around the world buy our products and digest our products and services. This is what we have done in the past few years.
The effect is obvious to all. Our country’s economy has developed rapidly in recent years. But are there any problems? I think the problem is very big and has reached the point where we must solve it.
First, our economy is overly dependent on export trade. Although our exports of trade products include traditional clothing and textile trade, automobiles and high-tech products also account for a very important proportion.
However, what I want to say is that this is not a healthy economic development state!
Our continuous surplus in international trade in recent years has caused some countries to have opinions about our country. No one wants to make money from you while you continue to make money from me.
This is true between people and between countries. As my country's agricultural modernization and industrialization accelerate, the number of agricultural products and industrial products produced in the future will continue to increase.
So many agricultural products and industrial products cannot be digested by my country's current market demand alone, so the only way to export them is to export them.
But we are faced with the problem I just mentioned, that is, it is impossible for other countries to import our products without restrictions. This will not only not reduce the trade surplus, but also continue to increase the trade surplus.
I don’t think any country is willing to see this happen. When the time comes, international relations will deteriorate drastically.
Even if there won't be too big a disturbance in the next few years, once the international situation changes dramatically, our good days may come to an end, and our country will face more trade frictions. "
Having said this, Zhao Yi looked at the participants at the end and saw that everyone agreed with his point of view, because the reasoning was obvious.
At present, our country's international environment is still good, which is very beneficial to our country's export trade, and because most of the exported products have relatively high added value, even if they are not included in relevant trade agreements, they are still making a lot of money.
But not long ago, our country still signed the new "Plaza Agreement", which was not available in the previous life. This fully demonstrates that our country's export trade has a major impact on the world economy.
At this time, if we still blindly rely on export trade, we will face very big problems in the future. The lame duck is always unstable, and we don’t know when it will fall.
After a pause, Zhao Yi continued: "So how to solve this problem
If we want to expand the internal market, the fundamental problem is to make the people rich, but how to make the people rich? This is a technical life.
Our country's current exchange rate is not low, and the profits earned from the export of general industrial products are not high. Even some industrial enterprises are doing well if they can not lose money.
If you want these general export products to be competitive, you can only start from two aspects.
The first one is to reduce costs, which includes two directions. The first direction is to reduce labor costs, and the second direction is to reduce operating costs.
Reducing operating costs is easier to understand, which is to introduce modern management models and technologies to reduce unnecessary losses in the industrial production process.
What I want to say here is the first point. In the past few years, we have used the advantage of low labor costs to make the prices of our export products relatively competitive.
This was a good method in the past few years, but what we are discussing here is to expand domestic demand, so reducing labor remuneration to reduce costs is obviously contrary to our goal.
Therefore, I believe that for a long period of time in the future, not only should labor remuneration not be reduced, but labor remuneration should be significantly increased.
Only in this way can people have more money in their pockets and be able to digest the products we produce. I believe everyone should understand this.
So how can we make our general industrial products have certain price competitiveness without reducing labor wages, or even significantly increasing wages
This brings me to my second method, which is to improve production efficiency.
Only by allowing a unit of labor to produce more industrial products per unit of time can we not only increase employee remuneration but also reduce the price of unit products.
But this has led to another problem, that is, the number of related jobs will be significantly reduced, because to produce a certain amount of products, so many employees are not needed.
This is contrary to the topic of our meeting today.
At this point, everyone should understand that if you want to expand employment opportunities, relying solely on industry will not work, because although industry has huge development potential, it is not unlimited.
Even if we really achieve the above two points, it is still an export-oriented economy. Can countries around the world have such a huge market to accommodate so many of our industrial products
I don’t think so. This must have their limit. We don’t know where this limit is. In other words, there is still a lot of uncertainty in this direction.
It is possible that we have finally met the above two conditions and only need to expand the scale and add jobs, but the international environment has changed drastically. In the end, not only cannot we provide sufficient employment, but the capital invested before has even been wasted.
This is also a point that we must guard against. In other words, although the industrial industry has the advantages of rapid expansion, we must also beware of the risks involved.
So how should we prevent this risk? I think there is no good way to solve it once and for all, because the international situation is often treacherous and not what we want.
The only thing we can do is not to blindly expand industrial production. Instead, we need to take it step by step. This is the safest way. Even if risks occur, our losses will be minimized.
In other words, even if we vigorously develop industry and create more jobs, we cannot do it in a short time. This is a long-term process.
Therefore, we must also find a way to get immediate results. "
After hearing Zhao Yi say this, everyone present wanted to hear what he had to say next, because through his analysis, it was impossible for industry to provide a large number of jobs in a short period of time.
But since he has said this, he must have his own opinions, so everyone showed an interested expression, looking forward to what he will say next.
Zhao Yi continued: "Actually, the method is very simple. Roosevelt's New Deal has already found a method for us.
That is to carry out large-scale infrastructure construction. Through large-scale infrastructure construction, a large amount of surplus labor will be absorbed and the problem of labor surplus will be solved.
At the same time, by paying high wages to these laborers and putting money in their pockets, it is logical to expand domestic demand.
The previous large-scale construction of highway networks was a manifestation of this kind of initiative, which was intended to solve the problem of surplus labor in the city.
After several years of operation, it shows that this approach can work, but now we are facing a larger amount of surplus labor, which requires us to carry out larger-scale infrastructure construction.
Our country's economy has made great progress in recent years, but the development of our infrastructure cannot keep up with the pace of our country's economic development. For example, our railway system cannot meet the current economic development situation of our country.
Not only is the speed of operation very slow and the capacity is low, but more importantly, there are still many places that are not connected to railways. In this case, the movement and communication of people in that place has become a big problem.
Without personnel exchanges and exchanges, it will be impossible to change local ideas and achieve ideological emancipation, and the development pace of these regions will seriously fall behind that of other advanced regions in the country.
To address this problem, we can modernize existing railway lines, such as railway electrification, speed improvement, etc.
In this way, the original railway lines can be used, which can basically meet the needs of domestic economic development, and at the same time, it can also provide certain jobs.
Of course, this alone is not enough. It is just that our new railway network no longer needs to use this backward technology. We should directly launch high-speed railways on new railway lines.
As for related technical issues, we can discuss them separately after the meeting, so I won’t go into details here.
In addition to railway construction, there are many other places that require large-scale infrastructure construction, such as urban construction.
If the railway network and highway network are the main arteries of my country's economic development, then urban construction, or to put it more directly, urbanization will be an inevitable process of my country's economic modernization.
It may be late, but it will certainly not be missing.
Just like the topic of this meeting, it is to solve the problem of rural surplus labor. Even if we provide them with jobs through various methods, should we let them return to their hometown in the countryside after finishing their work
I think not. We should let them become new citizens and take root in the city. This will not only reduce the rural working population, but also provide new impetus for the development and prosperity of the city.
It is easy to understand that reducing the rural labor force population, but allowing these rural people to become new citizens may bring greater employment pressure to cities.
I do not deny the existence of this problem, but we should clearly know that only by gathering enough people can we form a business culture and provide more jobs.
The reason why there was a problem of urban labor surplus before was that our industrial scale was not large at that time and could not absorb enough labor force.
Second, at that time, our country's economy was still in an environment dominated by planned economy, and individuals had no good way out except entering factories.
Later, we allowed self-employed businesses to give the city's surplus labor a way out. In fact, this step proved to be the right one. Self-employed business gave the city's surplus labor a good way out, and some people even got rich from it.
Therefore, our cities cannot provide enough jobs. The main reason is that we have not let go, our minds are not liberated enough, and the business areas for private participation are still very limited.
This is just like a forest. If the animals and plants are relatively single, it will definitely be difficult to form a stable ecology, and it will not be able to accommodate enough animals and plants to survive. As long as new species appear, we will stop them and pull them out.
In this case, the forest will always be like this, unable to provide shelter for more creatures, and the same is true for our cities. We need to give people more autonomy in management.
It is best if the law does not prohibit it, but allows them to operate in fields. In this case, we do not need to create jobs, they will find business opportunities and create jobs themselves.
Of course, necessary supervision is still required in this process. We can let them do it while supervising. If problems are found, we can stop them and formulate relevant laws at the same time. However, we should not punish them easily.
But before that, we must formulate a law for business activities that are obviously illegal and undisciplined, such as opening casinos, engaging in pornography, etc. Such business activities must be explicitly prohibited.
As long as this is done, the increase in urban population is not only not a bad thing, but also a huge driving force for urban economic development. This is the principle of "people gather and wealth gathers, and people disperse only when they disperse". "
Although they are very interested in the urbanization construction mentioned by Zhao Yi, it is indeed a good way to solve the problem of large labor force.
However, there are still quite a few people at the scene who have doubts about the new citizen issues mentioned by Zhao Yi, especially the freer business environment.
Although our country has been reforming and opening up for several years, we often cross the river by feeling the stones, just for fear that some unexpected situations will occur and disrupt our pace.
And what Zhao Yi mentioned about giving greater freedom to the private economy has even reached the point where it is allowed even if it is not prohibited by law. To be honest, this step is a bit big.
Zhao Yi also knew that his statement might not be recognized by everyone for a while, but he still said it. This was his speaking skill.
Because only if the conditions are relaxed first, everyone will definitely disagree, and then if he tightens the conditions later, it will be easier to gain everyone's approval.
So he went on to say: "The above statement is based on a complete market economy environment. At present, our country still emphasizes stability, and it is unrealistic to achieve it in one step.
Therefore, we can proceed step by step. For example, in the first step, we can completely open up the catering industry and allow all powerful private economies to enter the catering industry.
Similarly, such as the hotel industry, rental industry, etc., these industries that do not involve fundamental issues can all be opened up.
Not only do these industries require little capital investment, they are suitable for the participation of my country's currently relatively weak private capital. They are also urban service industries and play an important role in improving the convenience of urban life.
Of course, before we open up these fields, we must first formulate some relevant laws and regulations to standardize these fields and industries that are about to be opened.
Otherwise, it is likely that not only will it fail to serve the city, but it will also cause huge losses to the people.
For some industries and fields where there are doubts, we can also adopt a pilot approach, such as the taxi industry, because this is an urban public industry, and it is not too much to be cautious. "(End of chapter)