Having said this, Zhao Yidu felt a little dry and quickly took a sip of tea, then continued: "As mentioned above, urbanization is an effective way to provide more jobs.
Because after urbanization, more emphasis is placed on division of labor and collaboration, which virtually increases the types of service industries, provides more jobs, and increases the speed of capital circulation, allowing more people to make money.
The only way to create more jobs and make these jobs last longer is through urbanization.
However, our current urbanization rate is far from meeting this requirement. Our current urbanization rate is only about 20%, and our ideal urbanization rate should be at least 80%.
There is actually a very large infrastructure investment here, so we should not feel that the basic investment is too big, but that our basic investment is far from enough.
For a long time in the future, we will need to continue to increase the urbanization rate, and the infrastructure construction of cities will also last for a very long time.
In the process of urbanization and urban infrastructure construction, we can continuously attract people from rural areas to join the city, provide them with jobs, provide them with new citizenship status, and give them the opportunity to stay in the city for a long time.
Therefore, increasing the urbanization rate is the main core content I want to talk about this time, because it is more direct and faster than the jobs provided by industrialization, and the threshold is also lower, which is very suitable for the rural surplus labor force to participate.
So how to increase the urbanization rate
I think it should be divided into several aspects.
The first aspect is to start enough infrastructure construction in the city, such as roads, bridges, housing, business centers, various urban functional buildings, etc. We need to build many urban projects.
At present, the per capita living area in our country is only 10 square meters, and the normal per capita living area for people to live comfortably should be more than 30 to 40 square meters.
In other words, just to improve the living conditions for existing urban residents, we need to build housing that is three times larger than the current area. This is a huge demand for housing construction.
Moreover, along with the construction of these improved residential properties, there are also many supporting infrastructure constructions. How much labor demand is there
This is what I want to emphasize. Starting from expanding the scale of cities, improving urban living conditions, and carrying out urban infrastructure construction, we can provide enough jobs for the rural surplus labor force.
This process not only provides them with opportunities to earn remuneration, but also allows rural laborers to adapt to urban life and provides them with a transition time to become urban residents.
In fact, in this process, it not only provides direct employment opportunities, but also provides many indirect employment opportunities. For example, property management, which is not very popular now, mainly provides basic services for community residents.
At the same time, around these new jobs, many service-oriented jobs will certainly be created, such as convenience stores, barber shops, clothing stores, etc.
Therefore, the purpose of this aspect is to absorb new people into the city and provide them with enough construction jobs, so that more indirect jobs can be provided around these new people.
However, the urban basic assumption will eventually come to an end, and it is impossible to provide endless housing construction and other projects. After they are almost completed, the number of jobs in this area will basically decrease sharply.
If we do not take the second step, these remaining rural people will still return to the countryside after working in the cities for decades.
The second aspect is to give these new urban residents the same treatment as the original urban population, that is to say, there is no difference in household registration. It is necessary to establish and improve relevant domestic laws and regulations from the perspective of urban managers to completely end the urban-rural dual The concept of dimensions.
Our goal is to achieve an urbanization rate of over 80%. If we still follow the original two-dimensional thinking model of urban and rural areas, this goal will never be achieved.
In fact, it is very simple to allow these migrant workers to stay in the local area and become new citizens. That is to provide their children with the same treatment as the original urban residents in terms of education, medical care and elderly care.
This is the most basic requirement. Fortunately, our country will soon implement these three welfare systems nationwide, which will provide a strong guarantee for cities to retain these immigrants.
Of course, this kind of intense population migration and the integration of old and new citizens will definitely bring about fierce conflicts of ideas, and at the same time, there will also be many undesirable phenomena that are rarely seen in the first place.
This requires our government to speed up the construction of the legal system, and at the same time, have a higher level of publicity and enforcement of laws and regulations to adapt to the new problems brought about by drastic changes in population. "
my country's long-standing two-dimensional development model of urban and rural areas has made urban residents not accept these new rural people entering the city. And the more developed cities are now, the more serious this situation is.
This concept not only exists in the minds of ordinary urban residents, but also exists at the city government level. This requires strengthening publicity and education to make cities more tolerant.
At the same time, people of all colors gather in the city. It is inevitable that their temperaments will be different, and the crime rate may increase accordingly. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of urban legalization and the construction of law enforcement teams.
Use more means to reduce the probability of illegal crimes and increase the cost of illegal crimes. For example, building cameras in urban public places is actually a very effective method.
In fact, it is very easy for these people to stay in the city as long as jobs can be provided for them, because they have no other worries.
The most important reason why it was difficult for the rural population in the previous life to stay in the city for a long time and become new citizens was that their children's education could not keep up. Many people were forced to return to their hometowns after staying for a period of time due to their children's education.
To be honest, Zhao Yi felt that the city managers in his previous life had serious egoism. They all wanted to use other people's youth to contribute to their own city, but they did not want to take on more responsibilities.
Use what suits you, and throw away what doesn't suit you. This kind of thinking has long been displeasing to Zhao Yi. This is why Zhao Yi chooses to contract national welfare by himself.
In addition to being able to undertake the contract, I hope to take over these three welfare systems from the grassroots government, completely end the two-dimensional difference between urban and rural areas, and provide better protection for urbanization.
In this case, at least in terms of welfare benefits, there is not much difference between urban and rural areas, so the original urban residents will not have much hostility towards these new urban residents. After all, these new citizens will not rob them of their welfare resources.
From the local government level, they do not need to provide additional welfare expenditures for these new citizens, because these things are no longer under their jurisdiction and will not harm their interests.
For Zhao Yi, a welfare contractor, the increase in urbanization also has great benefits. Compared with rural areas, cities are definitely easier to gather resources, and the population density is also high.
These two features can effectively reduce the operating costs of education and medical benefits, saving a lot of expenses. As for the cost of pension benefits, the gap between urban and rural areas is not very large.
The reasoning should be very clear. Although there are only a few households in an isolated village, Zhao Yi still has to provide them with education and medical care. Even if it builds a mini school and medical clinic, the individual cost is very high.
"The third aspect is to balance regional development. Generally speaking, coastal cities are developing faster than inland cities. Whether it is policy or government financial tilt, there are relatively more coastal cities.
This was a wiser choice a few years ago, because the government's finances are limited and limited funds must be used wisely. The geographical advantages of the coast are very obvious, which can not only attract foreign capital, but also facilitate export trade.
But the current situation has changed a lot from before. The multiplier effect of export trade will slowly disappear, the growth rate of export trade will slowly decrease, and the export advantage will become more and more important as labor costs and exchange rates increase. weak.
This is why I have repeatedly stressed the need to expand domestic demand, because domestic demand can continue to provide sufficient impetus for my country's economic development when export trade encounters bottlenecks.
If resources and policies are too tilted toward coastal cities, it will definitely make new people willing to flow into these cities, which will cause the scale of these cities to become larger and larger. To a certain extent, it will be difficult to avoid the occurrence of big city disease.
Big city disease refers to symptoms such as population expansion, traffic congestion, housing difficulties, environmental deterioration, resource constraints, and excessive prices.
Although we emphasize urbanization, I personally strongly oppose excessive urbanization. If there is no restraint, cities with a population of more than 20 million will not be uncommon in the future.
Therefore, we must have a clear goal for my country's urbanization and plan it in advance. This is not only urban construction planning, but also industrial layout planning, urban function planning, etc.
The fourth aspect is to strengthen the urbanization development of counties. When we mention urbanization, we may think of those international cities that are famous in the world.
Although these international metropolises are indeed the country’s business card, allowing more countries to understand their own country, so we can engage in it, but this is not all of urbanization.
Our country has a large population. If resources flow into these 'international' cities, the population will inevitably flow into these cities, and the population will expand very quickly, and big cities will be born.
In order to avoid this situation, it is very important to formulate urbanization that is consistent with the actual situation of my country's populous country, and I think that in addition to national central cities and provincial central cities, the most important thing to develop is county towns.
Counties have a small population of just over 200,000, and a large population of just over 1 million. Such a population not only meets the needs of urbanization, but also avoids the emergence of big city diseases.
The fifth aspect is to increase communication capabilities between cities. This is in response to the fact that the county economy is small and cannot complete the entire chain of an industry. County cooperation can only be used to gather the industrial chain and jointly accomplish a goal.
This communication ability refers to both transportation communication communication ability and economic and industrial communication ability. Only by completing these effective coordination mechanisms can the county economy be developed well and the county economy help the development of the central city economy.
So I still need to build more highways to connect all counties and cities with each other and all cities in the country. It is best to be able to reach any surrounding city in about an hour.
High-speed rail can be used to connect central cities. It takes two to three hours to reach any adjacent central city. Only high-speed rail can do this.
When this goal is achieved, the national urban transportation network will be completely constructed, and transportation bottlenecks in county development will no longer exist. Each region will be able to give full play to its regional advantages and characteristics, and it will be difficult for the economy not to develop.
In addition to transportation, it is the construction of regional coordination mechanisms. As mentioned just now, it is difficult for county economies to complete the construction of a complete industrial chain. In most cases, they can only complete one link of the industrial chain.
Therefore, regional economic coordination is particularly important. It is a platform for information communication, economic cooperation, and coordinated regional economic development.
Only in this way will it not happen that one flower blooms but all others fail. Within the scope of the regional economy, each county economy can quickly find its own position and develop an economic segment suitable for itself.
To give a very simple example, the computer industry chain, we place memory, CPU, motherboards, graphics cards, chassis, LCD panels, materials, etc. in different county economies to be responsible for production.
Then the design and assembly work will be completed in the central city, which can not only promote the development of the county economy, but also bring the products and the market closer, so that their products will not lose their competitiveness because they are built behind closed doors.
From this example, everyone should also know that central cities are more suitable for industries close to the market, such as design, research and development, and integration mentioned above, while county economies are more suitable for production links. "
In the previous life, although there were many high-rise buildings in the county and the real estate economy seemed to be developing well, in fact it was a serious industrial hollowing out, with only real estate and no related industrial support.
Although many people work in big cities, they are never able to integrate into big cities in terms of status, so they can only buy a house in the county where they were born.
However, the county towns cannot provide them with employment, so they can only devote their youth to these big cities, hoping that when they grow old, they can return to the county towns where they were born to take care of themselves.
In Zhao Yi's opinion, this is an extremely unreasonable economic relationship and an economic development model that is extremely unfriendly to the people. In the past, he had no ability and was unable to change this status quo.
But this life is different. Not only does he have enough capital and technology, he can also stand and speak at such a top-level consultation meeting. If he can't do anything, then his rebirth will be in vain.
Zhao Yi's speech above only demonstrates the importance of urbanization, how to plan national urbanization construction, how to develop the urbanized economy in a balanced way, and how to give full play to regional economic advantages.
Next we need to describe what means are used to achieve this goal.
"So much has been said above, but how should it be implemented? Next, let me talk about my views on this issue.
I think the above-mentioned goals should be achieved through the following measures:
The first one is to continue to deepen reform and emancipate the mind. This is very important. If we cannot form a new thinking model and still use the old economic development model, it will be a great obstacle to our work.
For example, on the land issue, we must clarify the issues of land property rights, service life, and methods of acquiring land. Only by solving these three issues can we talk about urbanization.
For example, on the issue of governance methods, as economic activity becomes higher and higher and the economic structure becomes more and more complex, we must build a governance model that adapts to the current stage of development.
This can be discussed separately in the future, so I won’t go into details here. Moreover, my own thinking also has limitations, and I still need to brainstorm ideas.
The second is to straighten out the industrial chain. We need to sort out the industrial industrial chain that our country currently has, and also sort out the world's industrial industrial chain.
This is a necessary process for my country's comprehensive industrialization development. Only by fully understanding the situation can we carry out industrial chain layout according to local conditions.
The third one is the reconstruction of the industrial chain, which is closely related to the second measure. The reconstruction of the industrial chain is to prepare for county economic development, to prepare for the coordinated development of the regional economy, and to prepare for the balanced development of the regional economy.
The fourth issue is financial support. To achieve all the above goals, you must have money. Without money, all the problems mentioned above are just an idea.
Regarding the fourth point, I think it should be solved from the following aspects:
The first point is active financial policy. In the past few years, my country's financial measures have been relatively conservative. Of course, this is closely related to the economic development model and economic activity at that time.
If the central bank prints too much currency and puts it on the market, but there are not enough commodities to support the digestion of these currencies at the time, this will only increase inflation and will not do any good.
Later, the economic development speed was indeed much faster, but the driving force of economic development was export trade, and the central bank's loose monetary policy could only anchor foreign exchange reserves.
Because only in this way can there be no serious consequences and the exchange rate can be maintained stable. There was no problem with these measures at the time and they were in line with the economic development conditions at that time.
But the stage we are about to enter is different. We cannot use the previous conservative financial policy to treat the domestic economy, but need a more active financial policy.
Between currency and commodities, it is a chicken and egg problem. Which comes first, the chicken and then the egg, or does it come first and then the chicken
Should we increase the money supply first to stimulate commodity production, or should we first produce enough commodities and then provide sufficient money supply
In the past, our monetary policy was more inclined to first have enough goods and then provide sufficient money supply. This is a typical product of the planned economy and can maintain a relative supply balance.
However, the vitality of economic development will be limited. We should break the living within our means model and adopt a development model of moderate inflation.
First provide a relatively abundant money supply to the market, and then promote the follow-up of commodity production. In this way, the economic development speed will be more dynamic, and it will also be relatively simple for the government to manage the economy.
As for how to supply this surplus currency, I think it is more appropriate to provide infrastructure loans. We can support domestic infrastructure investment through the central government's active monetary policy.
It is a relatively benign development model to allow more people to participate in infrastructure construction, obtain this surplus money supply, and then purchase other commodities to promote the production and development of other commodities.
The second point is to encourage private capital to participate. After several years of economic opening up, although the individual volume of private capital is not large, the overall scale is much larger than before.
We can open up more investment areas and allow these private capitals to actively participate to solve the problem of insufficient capital in our entire plan. "(End of chapter)