The three elements of an argumentative essay are just arguments, arguments, and arguments. This is how a modern essay can be written, and an ancient essay can actually be written like this. On the other hand, it does not have the fixed structure of breaking the question, following the question, starting the lecture, eight comparisons, and summarizing the structure like the art literature. As long as the starting and ending are arranged well, the arguments are sufficiently thorough, and the arguments presented are all from the annals of scriptures and history. Go anywhere.
As for the means of argumentation, it is entirely possible to use the techniques summarized in modern argumentative papers.
Cui Xie has written like this since he was studying at Mr. Lin's house. He has written all the way from the county exam to the township exam. The results are impressive. No examiner picks him, so this method can be used and can be used in the palace exam.
He simply sorts out his thoughts and draws up an outline, starting from the theory of "the world is not governed by the heart"—
The king's heart is the foundation of governing a country. And if the importance of the king's heart is clearly stated from the beginning, although it has the advantage of getting straight to the point, it also appears blunt and straightforward.
Governing a country originally depends on worthy people, administering with people, and governing with politics. If the people and politics and laws used are not enough to sort out the Quartet, then the laws should be used to restrain the ministers and the people, but why should they rely on the ruler's heart
Because "there is no rule outside the heart"!
The monarch's heart is the root, and the art of governing the country by the imperial officials is the end. There is nothing wrong with the root that can lead to the end. If the ministers can't guide the right things in the king's heart, how can they let the king govern the country with the right way
The so-called quelling the king's heart is to guide the king's heart to benevolence and righteousness. Mencius said: The difference between human beings and beasts is rare—what distinguishes people from beasts is the heart of benevolence and righteousness, and benevolence and righteousness are innate talents and human dispositions, that is, the "righteousness" in people's hearts.
The king has the heart of benevolence and righteousness, his original heart is upright and firm, and there is no bias in governance; otherwise, he is easily seduced by material desires, and even favors the noble ministers and favors the worthy ones. If so, even with worthy officials, benevolent government, and good laws, the country will not be able to govern.
Therefore, the most important thing for the ministers to assist the monarch lies in the "righteousness of the monarch's heart".
Once the monarch's heart is righteous, benevolence and righteousness will be self-sufficient. Benevolence in the heart is amiable, righteousness in the heart is awe-inspiring and unbreakable. With benevolence and righteousness in the family, the nine clans are close to Mu, the government is clean and the officials are upright, and the country is in peace.
This is what Mencius said, "When the mind is regular, there is nothing wrong with it"!
Cui Xie wrote the small paper smoothly, and after returning to the topic, he looked at the sky, and the sun climbed a little on the examination room. At this rate, even if I finish writing the thank you form, it may not be until noon.
There is time, and it's okay to change it again.
He combed the surface of the volume several times, and felt that he could cite some classic arguments. There is no need to deliberately change the previous ones, just add some famous quotes from Mencius to stand on the platform: For example, Confucius said "the heart is right and then the body is cultivated", and Yao and Shun said, "The human heart is in danger, and the Tao's heart is in danger... Yunzhi Juezhong "Isn't it right
In addition to citing scriptures and classics, when discussing, there are also layers of comparisons. From the court, the common people, the four seas, Kyushu, Liuhe, etc., to echo the argument that the king's heart is right and the whole world is right, it is exquisite Beauty, nothing to add.
I only owe a conclusion... He couldn't think of a very subtle ending for a while, and he simply echoed the "righteous ruler of the people and ministers only seeks the heart" at the beginning, and then pointed out the importance of "righteousness": "Those who are righteous, The priority of the master, the righteous ruler, the ability of the adults, and those who have ambitions in the country and the world, they must not be spared!"
Finally, add the word "respectfully", and the discussion is really over.
When writing this closing sentence, I only want him to be concise and clear, echoing the previous text. After he wrote it, he looked at it himself, and felt that this ending was actually quite good.
Those who are interested in the country and the world can not fail to examine my heart three times!
Cui Xie touched his chest, and felt that he was a qualified gentleman who could write these words, and he had an inexplicable sense of honor.
He read the draft again from start to finish, and while appreciating himself, he counted the number of words. After 12,300 words, he reached the lower limit of the standard number of words for a small paper, which is enough to transcribe it to the volume.
Just one more table, and the second exam is over!
Without any excitement in his heart, he did not transcribe the scroll first, picked up the thank-you form of the "Dr.
There is nothing difficult about the content of the thank you form, the trouble is the small characters, top boxes, and spaces. These have to be written and revised in the draft, otherwise they will be copied into the main volume. The top box is not the top box, and the new line is not. This is not a problem of typos in ordinary articles, but a problem with the emperor. Disrespectful, if you want to dismiss the paper properly, no matter how well written it is, it is useless.
He carefully wrote the title according to the title: "In the 23rd year of Chenghua, a certain day, a certain month, a minister, Confucius, Fumeng..." In this sentence alone, there are three certain characters and one minister need to be written in a double-character size, and a certain is in Write in the middle of the grid, and the minister should stick to the vertical line on the right of the grid. It is rude to write in the wrong position.
After writing this Mongolian character, you can't directly add "Fu Meng Sheng En", because "Saint" needs to be written on a new line at the top to show the royal dignity and majesty.
Not only "Holy", but also "Emperor" and "Ci" are also top-notch. For example, "first teacher", "today" and "prosperous times", "Ming Shi", "Zhao Dynasty", "Qianzhong Tianxi" and "Lizhao Risheng", which praised the Son of Heaven, should be mentioned.
Cui Xie pondered every word, and it was inevitable that he forgot a line break, so he could only rewrite the line with an ink pen, leaving ink marks on the draft, which formed a clear distinction with the generally clean manuscript paper of the previous question. comparison.
At the time of writing this table, Dr. Kong Mou, a doctor of the Five Classics, did not have much time to write, and it was not difficult to write the words to praise the holiness of the emperor and the emperor. The time was spent on line breaks and blank spaces, and it took more than an hour to write.
I stumbled and wrote the sentence at the end, "I would like to express my gratitude to Wen", and even changed almost every word, every two words: "Xie" and "Xie" should be written on a new line and one space, and "Wen" is the top frame. , which is written as "representation", "thank you", and "smell", the text is scattered, and people who are not used to reading can't connect sentences.
When transcribing, he did not dare to write easily, but opened the PDF, opened the document in his mind and overlapped the manuscript paper under the pen, almost word by word, copied according to the size of the text on the manuscript paper.
Not long after, Cui Xie handed the paper that had been checked repeatedly to the examiner, signed it, stamped it, and took the test basket to the Longmen to queue up to be released.
He was not the first to come out this time. The first batch of people who came out of the Dragon Gate had already gone out, and the second batch was waiting to make up the number of people. He actually saw Fei Jieyuan among the people waiting, and quickly squeezed in and patted him. Fei Hong was also very surprised when he saw him, and pulled him to introduce him to a fellow in his thirties beside him.
In the examination room, there were guards watching around, and it was inconvenient to speak, so they simply nodded, and only officially got acquainted when they were released.
Fei Hong took Cui Xie and introduced: "This is the Cui Hezhong I told you about, the "Must Read Notes for Imperial Examinations" that he obtained the consent of Jijiu and Lord Siye to print. Thank him!" He pointed to his fellow villager and said, "This is my fellow villager Cheng Kai Cheng Zhengzhi. Brother Cheng is a very famous talent in our Jiangxi Province. He will try it out this year, and he is coming to Beijing to compete for the top spot!"
Cui Xie cupped his hands, said "Brother Cheng", and said with a smile, "Now the talented Jiangxi Cheng who is famous in the capital is Your Excellency? Although a certain person doesn't go out often, he has also heard that this year all the talents from the south have come out of Jiangxi. I'm afraid it will be the world of the two brothers in the test field of the Science Association."
The Cheng Juren smiled politely: "I was a little arrogant when I was in my hometown, but I didn't dare to say such a thing when I saw you young talents. At my age, how can I get along with the two young men and the chief of the case? Compete first?"
The three greeted each other a few words of courtesy, and the Cui Cheng family came together to pick them up. Cui Xie took the thick leather robe, cloak, and thick cotton boots from the family and put them on, stuffed the test basket and gave an order. : "It's rare to meet Brother Fei and Brother Cheng. I will talk to them about the exam questions. You take my things away for me, and tell my grandmother, and I will go back after dinner."
Fei Hong said apologetically: "My uncle is still in the field, I have to wait for him outside, I'm afraid I won't be able to accompany you to find a place to talk."
Cheng Kai, however, had a fellow villager who had an appointment to drink the paper and wanted to go back after the exam, and it was difficult to leave Cui Xie alone. Cui Xie just wanted to send his family away, and watching him leave, he smiled at the two of them: "Brother Fei is waiting for his uncle to return with him. Let's go, Brother Fei and I will go back to the right topic."
Today, there are only two essays and four judgments in the test. In fact, it is not right. He is not trying to correct the question. He is just procrastinating and waiting for the person who is waiting for him.
Cheng Kai stayed for a while, said a few polite words in appreciation of the "Notes on the Imperial Examination", then turned and left. Fei Hong said to Cui Xie privately after he left, "Brother Zheng appreciates your set of notes very much. Before the exam, he tried the above questions and answered them better than me. I will persuade him to answer the questions for you. "
Cui Xie's eyes lit up: "I'm asking for nothing. I'm afraid that you both have been admitted to the Hanlin Academy, you don't like this "Notes on the Imperial Examination", and you don't want to do this question?"
Fu Jieyuan smiled and said: "The questions are all edited and edited. Even if anyone is lucky enough to take the test and enter the Hanlin Academy to study in the library, who would be reluctant to do the questions for the seniors? , I bought all the ink and ink from the Beijing meeting, and I also bought the pencils and whiteboards of Ju'anzhai, and praised that the study is different from ordinary study, not only for money, but also a place with a gentleman's style!"
Cui Xie, the behind-the-scenes boss, was sober in his heart, but he still had to be humble on the surface. He shook his head and said, "Uncle Cui and the others also watched me study for the exam all the way. They know the hard work of the students best. When they are in this study, they are naturally willing to take care of the students."
Fei Hong sighed: "It's a pity that the store owner Cui still printed those comic strips, and people said that the pictures were a bit tacky..."
Cough, cough cough... Cui Xie choked violently, coughed a few times, raised his eyes and asked him, "It's not like this is the first time I've heard this, the comic book has such a bad reputation outside? I think the words are written extremely well. Exquisite, I won't be able to write words like that in a few years anyway!"
Fei Hong glanced at him, leaned closer, and said in a low voice, "I'm ashamed to say, I actually borrowed two books... But isn't it more pictures and less words? It's written by Jin Yiwei, my uncle and the others are reading it a little bit. out of sight…”
Generally speaking, except for those who came out of Beizhili, a place called Jinyiwei Opera, where they have been brainwashed for several years, and people from Suzhou, Hangzhou, Nanjing, etc., who have seen Tiqi grab Liang, Wei Yi party harassed the local area, and plundered people's wealth. I don't like Jin Yiwei very much. There are also people who simply don't like the form of comic strips.
However, color-printed books are rare in the south, and even those multi-color color-printed books that imitate Ju Anzhai very roughly are rare in the south. Those who raised their children said that the comic strips were tacky. When they should buy, they also bought "Pipa Ji" from "Three Kingdoms", and bought "Jinyiwei" from "Pipa Ji", and even the pirated "Lianfang Lu" refused to leave.
Since it is a big customer, then say what you like to say.
Tsundere of the Ming Dynasty... Cui Xie didn't want to complain anymore, he said goodbye to Fei Jieyuan, and circled the city for half a circle, until it was getting dark, he circled back again, put on a cape hat, and led the little white horse on the street After a circle, I turned back to the humble dim sum shop across the street.
He tied the horse outside the door, went into the store and bought a few boxes of puff pastry, large pieces of rock candy, and stood in the threshold watching people tightly wrapped in a robe and cloak. When he saw a man dressed like him walking down the street on a sorrel horse, he carried a snack, a piece of rock candy, and went out the door in full clothes.
Xie Ying got off the horse and walked towards the tavern holding the reins, thinking that he would wait quietly outside the examination room for a while as he did in the previous exam. However, when he walked to the place where he had been last time, he found that a man who also wore a cloak and lowered his hood had taken his place—
The man was just outside the door of the store where he stood last time, holding a small white horse in his hand and feeding the horse with something. When he saw him coming, he raised his head towards him and smiled at him in the dim light and twilight around him.
The author has something to say: Zhang Huai, the author of the essay, and Kong Jigao, the author of the essay