Clear and distant - a brief history of qin
Guqin is the earliest stringed instrument of the Chinese nation and a treasure of Chinese traditional culture. She is cherished by the world for its long history, vast literature, rich connotation and far-reaching influence. The objects unearthed from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng in Hubei are more than 2,400 years old. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, there have been excellent Guqin handed down from generation to generation. There are more than 100 kinds of qin scores from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty, and 3,000 pieces of qin music. There are also a large number of documents on qin players, qin theory, qin making, and qin art. The richness of the remains is the most abundant of Chinese musical instruments. In ancient times, Qin, chess, calligraphy, and painting were called together to summarize the traditional culture of the Chinese nation. Many famous performers have emerged in the past dynasties. They are historical and cultural celebrities and have been eulogized from generation to generation. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Guqin was also introduced to East Asian countries, and was absorbed and inherited by the traditional culture of these countries. In modern times, with the footprints of Chinese people all over the world, it has become a symbol of oriental culture in the minds of Westerners.
The records about Guqin were first seen in the "Book of Songs", "Shangshu" and other documents. "Shangshu" records: "Shun played the five-stringed qin and sang the poems of the southern kingdom, and the world ruled." It can be seen that the qin was originally five-stringed, and it had seven strings in the Zhou Dynasty. Ying Shao's "Customs of Customs" in the Eastern Han Dynasty: "The seven strings are the same as the seven stars. The big string is the king, and the small string is the minister. King Wen and King Wu add two strings to match the kindness of the king and the minister." The shape of the emblem has basically stabilized and has been passed down to the present.
There are two main forms of guqin performance: qin song and solo. According to literature records, in the pre-Qin period, the guqin was not only used in suburban temple sacrifices, court meetings, ceremonies and other elegant music, it was mainly popular among the strata above the scholar, and it flourished among the people after the Qin Dynasty. Regarding the form of using the qin as vocal accompaniment, as early as in the "Shang Shu", there has been a record of fighting for the qin and se to sing. In the Zhou Dynasty, qin and se were often used to accompany singing, called string songs, which were the so-called qin songs since the Tang and Song dynasties. From the "Qin Cao" written by Cai Yong in the Han Dynasty, there are five songs and poems, namely Zhou Zhixian Songs. Among them, Twelve Exercises, Jiuyin and Hejian Miscellaneous Songs are all sung with the aid of Qin.
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the solo music of Guqin already had a certain artistic expression ability, such as the legend that Boya played the piano and Ziqi was good at listening. Famous qin masters at that time included Shi Juan from Wei State, Shi Kuang from Jin State, Shi Wen from Zheng State, and Shi Nang from Lu State. ", "White Snow" and so on, have been recorded in the annals of history.
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