There have been three very important industrial revolutions in human history. The first one was in the mid-1860s. The technological revolution initiated in the United Kingdom was a huge change in the history of technological development. The steam engine was widely used as a power machine, which promoted the world to change. The era of handicraft industry entered the "steam age";
The second industrial revolution occurred in the last 30 years of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. The focus of industry shifted from light textile industry to heavy industry. Emerging industrial sectors such as electrical, chemical, and petroleum emerged. The world entered the "electrical age" from the "steam age" ;
The third industrial revolution occurred after the 1940s and 1950s. Major breakthroughs were made in the fields of atomic energy, electronic computers, microelectronics, aerospace technology, molecular biology and genetic engineering, marking the arrival of a new scientific and technological revolution. Among them, the most epoch-making significance is the rapid development and widespread use of electronic computers, ushering in the information age!
These three industrial revolutions were actually accompanied by a power revolution, from the steam engine at the beginning, to the internal combustion engine, and then to electricity. Each power revolution will bring more advanced productivity and greatly improve the production efficiency of society!
A closer look at the changes Li Zexuan has made in Datang over the past year or so shows that he skipped the two processes of steam engines and internal combustion engines and directly launched the third power revolution in history - electricity!
But although some things can be circumvented in a short time, they cannot be circumvented in a lifetime, especially things as important as steam engines and internal combustion engines. It does not mean that human society will eliminate all steam engines and internal combustion engines with the advent of electricity. Even in the modern society with developed electricity in the 21st century, steam engines and internal combustion engines are still active, such as those used by fuel vehicles on the streets. Internal combustion engines, such as thermal power plants, still use steam engines!
These two things are the cornerstones of human productivity progress and are absolutely indispensable!
"Thermal power station? Chief Shan, the "Physics" book says that magnetism can generate electricity, but can fire also generate electricity~?"
In the laboratory, Li Tai was shocked when he heard Li Zexuan talk about building a thermal power station. He said in confusion.
Li Zexuan smiled slightly and said: "Of course fire cannot directly generate electricity, but it can indirectly generate electricity through energy conversion, just like the Bahe Hydropower Station. Can you say it is water-generated electricity? No! Because it is water power that drives the waterwheel. The impeller drives the rotor of the generator to cut the magnetic field lines, so electricity is generated! The same principle applies to the thermal power station~!"
Li Zexuan's seductive words greatly touched Li Tai. After a moment of silence, Li Tai said excitedly: "Shan Chief! I understand! You said before that the energy in the world is conserved and can be transformed into each other. Yes! This thermal power station must also convert thermal energy into kinetic energy, and then kinetic energy into electrical energy! Just like a hydropower station!"
Li Zexuan nodded in approval and said, "You are right, Qingque. This thermal power station is indeed similar to a hydropower station in nature!"
"Shan Chang, but fire doesn't flow like water, how can it generate kinetic energy~?"
Li Tai did not feel complacent because of Li Zexuan's praise. Instead, he frowned and asked aloud.
"Well! This is the most technical problem that the thermal power plant needs to overcome~! Qingque, bring a pen and paper!"
Li Zexuan said lightly.
He wanted to take advantage of this opportunity to simply let Li Tai build a steam engine. Although according to his original plan, he planned to let the students discover the principle of steam power generation on their own, but now time does not wait, and the relationship between the Tang Dynasty and the Turks The National War is imminent, and the construction of telegraph relay stations and small thermal power stations is imperative!
Moreover, Qiquge Workshop has skilled craftsmen, advanced machines, and rubber materials necessary for making pistons. The conditions for making steam engines are already mature. In this case, there is no need to hide it. Li Zexuan plans to directly use the steam engine today. Give the drawings to Li Tai!
"Yes! Chief Shan!"
Hearing that Li Zexuan wanted to "start a small stove" for himself, Li Tai responded cheerfully, and then quickly turned around to find paper and pen. Soon, he returned to Li Zexuan with paper and pen, and said respectfully: "Master Shan , give you paper and pen!”
"Um!"
Li Zexuan took it, placed the pen and paper on the experimental table, and without saying a word, he started writing and drawing. After a while, he said: "Qingque, have you ever seen the kettle boiling water?"
"Of course I've seen it before!"
Li Tai frowned, although he was a little confused, he still answered.
"Haha! That's good!"
Li Zexuan smiled, and then quickly drew a stove and kettle on the paper. As he gestured, he said: "When the water in the kettle boils, the water vapor will push the lid of the kettle to reciprocate up and down. Qingque, what do you think?" I wonder if we can add some connecting rod transmission mechanisms to convert this up and down reciprocating motion into circular motion, thereby driving the impeller of the generator to rotate and generate electricity?"
Hearing this, Li Tai was stunned. Li Zexuan's fantastic idea simply opened the door to a new world for him, making his eyes light up and suddenly enlightened. All the doubts that had troubled him before were now solved. ! So he couldn't help but look at Li Zexuan with admiration. In his heart, although Li Zexuan was not a god, he was better than a god, because Li Zexuan seemed to be omnipotent!
After a long time, Li Tai came back to his senses, stroking his palms and sighed: "Wonderful! Wonderful! Wonderful! Using water as a medium, the heat energy in the fire can be cleverly converted into kinetic energy, thereby driving the generator to generate electricity. Chief Shan, your idea is simply too great. Wonderful!"
Li Zexuan smiled, but the pen in his hand did not stop. He continued to draw and said: "Qingque, after you understand the principle of thermal power generation, the most important thing next is to create a machine that can convert fire power into power. I don't care about this." Something called a steam engine!
You see here, a steam engine is mainly composed of a cylinder, a base, a piston, a crank connecting rod mechanism, a slide valve steam distribution mechanism, a speed regulating mechanism and a flywheel. In a steam boiler, the fuel combustion process causes water to boil into steam, and the water vapor passes through The pipe is sent to the cylinder, and the valve can control the time when the steam reaches the cylinder. It enters the slide valve chamber through the main steam valve and the throttle valve, and is controlled by the slide valve to alternately enter the left or right side of the cylinder to push the piston to move.
The steam pushes the piston in the cylinder to do work, and the cooled steam is introduced into the condenser through the pipe to condense into water again, thus forming a complete closed loop! "
Through a few simple schematic diagrams, Li Zexuan explained the general structure and operating principles of the steam engine to Li Tai. The little fat man had a good understanding and quickly understood what Li Zexuan explained. At the same time, he closed Close your eyes and begin to imagine the specific structural model of the steam engine in your mind.
Seeing this, Li Zexuan did not interrupt Li Tai's meditation, and silently began to draw three views of an improved version of the steam engine on the drawing. Of course, what he drew was Watt's improved version of the steam engine!
Many modern textbooks (history books, physics books) say that Watt was the inventor of the steam engine, but this is actually untrue. In fact, the steam engine was independently invented by the British Savelli in 1698 and Newcomen in 1705. It was initially used to pump water in mines, but the efficiency was very low.
In 1765, Watt made major improvements to the steam engine based on repairing the Newcomen engine. He separated the condenser from the cylinder, invented the crankshaft and gear transmission, and the centrifugal speed regulator, which modernized the steam engine and greatly improved its performance. s efficiency.
Even in the modern era of the 21st century, Watt's technology is still used in many steam engines, which shows that Watt's improved steam engine at that time was still very advanced and practical. At least for the current Tang Dynasty, Watt's improved version of the steam engine is completely sufficient. Use it, and it will set off the power change of this era!
Like Li Tai, Li Zexuan also closed his eyes, and a realistic three-dimensional model of the Watt steam engine quickly appeared in his mind. However, unlike Li Tai, although Li Zexuan closed his eyes, the pen in his hand was on the rice paper. Shaking rapidly, he was not scribbling, but copying the three-dimensional model of the steam engine in his mind onto the rice paper!
Although the structure of the steam engine is not simple, Li Zexuan's martial arts strength has reached the late stage of a master, and his mental strength is far beyond before. There is no problem in building a steam engine model in his mind!
"Sashasha~!"
For a moment, the only sound that could be heard in the laboratory was the scraping of pencil tips against paper.
After about half a cup of tea, Li Tai finally came back from his meditation. When he opened his eyes and took a look, he was shocked. Oh my god, what did he see
What I saw was that Li Zexuan was drawing on paper with his eyes closed? Li Tai quickly went over to take a look, and saw a neat, horizontal and vertical engineering drawing with dimensions and scales on the rice paper. Li Zexuan's pen tip jumped on the paper. Li Zexuan's pen tip turned so fast that Li Tai even Only a phantom could be seen, and then as Li Zexuan's pen tip turned, the engineering drawing on the rice paper gradually began to have more lines, and it turned into a real steam engine model!
Seeing this scene, Li Tai was shocked!
He can draw and has drawn engineering drawings of this style, but when he draws, he draws carefully with a ruler. How can he be like Li Zexuan now, who just "follow the reins" on the drawings with his eyes closed
That's all. The key point is that although Li Zexuan didn't use a ruler to draw, the lines he drew were straighter than anyone else's, and the proportions were more precise than anyone else's. Of course, the most disappointing thing was his painting speed. It simply breaks through the sky and is daunting!
This is the first time Li Tai has seen Li Zexuan draw drawings. Of course, this is also the first time Li Zexuan has shown his unique skill in front of outsiders!
The scene in front of him of Li Zexuan closing his eyes tightly and swaying freely on the rice paper was deeply engraved in Li Tai's mind and may be something he will never forget for the rest of his life!
… … … … … … … …